Lysergic acid 3-pentyl amide

Lysergic acid 3-pentyl amide (LSA), also known as Ergine or D-lysergic acid 3-pentylamide, is a naturally occurring psychedelic compound. It belongs to the family of ergoline alkaloids and is derived from lysergic acid, a compound found in various species of ergot fungi.

History

Lysergic acid 3-pentyl amide was first isolated and identified in the early 20th century by the Swiss chemist Albert Hofmann. It was later discovered that LSA is a precursor to the synthesis of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), a highly potent hallucinogenic drug.

Chemical Properties

Lysergic acid 3-pentyl amide has a molecular formula of C20H27N3O2S and a molecular weight of 369.51 g/mol. It is a white crystalline solid with a melting point of 165-166 °C. The compound is soluble in ethanol, methanol, and chloroform.

Pharmacology

LSA acts as a partial agonist at various serotonin receptors, particularly the 5-HT2A receptor. It also interacts with other receptors in the brain, including the dopamine and adrenergic receptors. The exact mechanism of action of LSA is not fully understood, but it is believed to modulate the activity of these neurotransmitter systems, leading to its psychedelic effects.

Effects

The effects of LSA are similar to those of LSD, although generally milder and shorter-lasting. Users may experience visual and auditory hallucinations, altered perception of time and space, changes in mood, and enhanced creativity. The intensity and nature of the effects can vary depending on the dose, set, and setting.

Preparations and Use

LSA is naturally present in various plants, most notably in the seeds of the morning glory (Ipomoea tricolor) and the Hawaiian baby woodrose (Argyreia nervosa). These seeds can be consumed directly or prepared in various ways, such as grinding and extraction. However, it is important to note that the consumption of LSA-containing plants is illegal in many countries.

Safety and Legal Status

The safety profile of LSA is not well-established, and its use carries potential risks. Users may experience adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, anxiety, and paranoia. In rare cases, LSA has been associated with more severe reactions, including psychosis and hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD).

The legal status of LSA varies across different jurisdictions. In some countries, it is regulated as a controlled substance, while in others, it may be legal or subject to certain restrictions. It is important to research and comply with the laws of your specific jurisdiction before considering the use of LSA.

See Also

• Lysergic acid diethylamide
• Ergotamine
• Psychedelic drug