Allobarbital

A barbiturate derivative used as a sedative and hypnotic

Chemical structure of Allobarbital

Allobarbital, also known as Allobarbitone, is a barbiturate derivative that has been used primarily as a sedative and hypnotic. It was first synthesized in the early 20th century and has been used in various medical applications due to its central nervous system depressant properties.

Chemical Properties

Allobarbital is chemically classified as a barbiturate, which is a class of drugs derived from barbituric acid. The chemical structure of Allobarbital includes a pyrimidine ring, which is characteristic of barbiturates. The molecular formula is C10H12N2O3, and it has a molecular weight of 208.22 g/mol.

Pharmacology

Allobarbital acts on the central nervous system by enhancing the activity of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitter. This action results in increased inhibitory effects on neuronal activity, leading to sedation and hypnosis. The drug binds to the GABA_A receptor, facilitating the opening of chloride channels and hyperpolarizing the neuronal membrane.

Medical Uses

Allobarbital has been used in the treatment of insomnia, anxiety, and as a pre-anesthetic agent. Its sedative properties make it useful in calming patients before surgical procedures. However, due to the development of safer and more effective alternatives, its use has declined significantly.

Side Effects

The use of Allobarbital can lead to several side effects, including drowsiness, dizziness, and ataxia. In higher doses, it can cause respiratory depression, hypotension, and coma. Long-term use can lead to tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal symptoms.

Legal Status

The legal status of Allobarbital varies by country. In many places, it is classified as a controlled substance due to its potential for abuse and dependence. It is important for healthcare providers to be aware of the regulations governing its use in their respective regions.

Synthesis

The synthesis of Allobarbital involves the reaction of malonic acid derivatives with urea under specific conditions to form the barbiturate core. This process is similar to the synthesis of other barbiturates and requires careful control of reaction parameters to ensure the desired product is obtained.

Ball-and-stick model of Allobarbital

Related Compounds

Allobarbital is related to other barbiturates such as phenobarbital, pentobarbital, and secobarbital. These compounds share similar mechanisms of action but differ in their pharmacokinetic properties and clinical uses.

Related Pages

• Barbiturate
• Sedative
• Hypnotic
• GABA_A receptor