Xorphanol
Xorphanol is a semi-synthetic opioid that was developed in the late 1970s. It is a potent analgesic drug that is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain. Xorphanol is derived from thebaine, a naturally occurring opioid found in the opium poppy.
Chemistry[edit]
Xorphanol is a semi-synthetic opioid, meaning it is synthesized from a naturally occurring opioid, in this case, thebaine. The chemical structure of xorphanol is similar to that of other opioids, with a core structure of a phenanthrene molecule. The chemical name for xorphanol is 3-hydroxy-17-methylmorphinan.
Pharmacology[edit]
Xorphanol acts primarily on the mu-opioid receptor, which is responsible for the drug's analgesic effects. It also has some activity at the kappa-opioid receptor, which may contribute to its analgesic effects and side effects. Xorphanol is metabolized in the liver and excreted in the urine.
Medical uses[edit]
Xorphanol is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain. It is typically administered orally, but can also be given by injection. The drug has a rapid onset of action, with pain relief typically occurring within 15 to 30 minutes of administration.
Side effects[edit]
Like all opioids, xorphanol can cause a range of side effects. The most common side effects include nausea, vomiting, constipation, and drowsiness. More serious side effects can include respiratory depression, addiction, and overdose.
See also[edit]
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