Trospium chloride

A medication used to treat overactive bladder

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Chemical structure of Trospium chloride

Trospium chloride is a medication used to treat overactive bladder symptoms such as urinary incontinence, urinary urgency, and urinary frequency. It is classified as an antimuscarinic agent, which works by relaxing the detrusor muscle in the bladder, thereby reducing the symptoms associated with overactive bladder.

Pharmacology

Trospium chloride is a quaternary ammonium compound that acts as a muscarinic receptor antagonist. It has a high affinity for the M1, M2, and M3 muscarinic receptors, with a particular emphasis on the M3 receptor, which is primarily responsible for bladder contraction. By inhibiting these receptors, trospium chloride reduces involuntary bladder contractions and increases bladder capacity.

Mechanism of Action

The primary mechanism of action of trospium chloride involves the competitive inhibition of the muscarinic receptors in the bladder. This inhibition prevents the binding of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that stimulates bladder contractions. As a result, the detrusor muscle remains relaxed, reducing the frequency and urgency of urination.

Pharmacokinetics

Trospium chloride is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with an oral bioavailability of approximately 10%. It is metabolized in the liver and excreted primarily in the urine. The drug has a half-life of approximately 20 hours, allowing for once or twice daily dosing.

Clinical Use

Trospium chloride is indicated for the treatment of overactive bladder with symptoms of urge urinary incontinence, urgency, and frequency. It is available in both immediate-release and extended-release formulations. The extended-release form allows for once-daily dosing, which can improve patient compliance.

Side Effects

Common side effects of trospium chloride include dry mouth, constipation, headache, and dizziness. Due to its anticholinergic properties, it may also cause blurred vision and urinary retention. Patients with narrow-angle glaucoma, myasthenia gravis, or severe gastrointestinal obstruction should use this medication with caution.

Contraindications

Trospium chloride is contraindicated in patients with urinary retention, gastric retention, or uncontrolled narrow-angle glaucoma. It should be used with caution in patients with hepatic impairment or renal impairment, as these conditions may affect the drug's metabolism and excretion.

Related pages

• Overactive bladder
• Antimuscarinic
• Urinary incontinence