Urinary urgency

Urinary urgency is a sudden, compelling urge to urinate. This is often, though not necessarily, associated with urinary incontinence, polyuria, and nocturia. It is one of the main symptoms of urinary tract infections and interstitial cystitis. It can also be a symptom of benign prostatic hyperplasia and is also among the symptoms of overactive bladder.

Causes

Urinary urgency can be caused by changes in the brain, nervous system, or bladder function. The exact cause can be difficult to determine.

Brain and nervous system

The brain and the nervous system control the bladder and urination. Any disease, condition, or injury that damages nerves can lead to urination problems. Nerve problems can occur at any age.

Bladder problems

Most bladder problems occur because of problems with the muscles that help to store or release urine. The body stores urine in the bladder. During urination, muscles in the bladder tighten to move urine into the urethra. At the same time, the muscles around the urethra relax and let the urine pass out of the body. Incontinence will occur if the muscles that help to store or release urine do not work properly.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of urinary urgency involves a complete medical history and physical examination. Additional tests may include:

• Urinalysis and urine culture: These tests are used to detect and measure the byproducts of normal and abnormal metabolism, cells, cell fragments, and bacteria in urine.
• Bladder scan: This test uses ultrasound to measure the amount of urine in the bladder.
• Cystoscopy: This test allows your doctor to look inside your urinary tract for blockages or abnormalities.
• Urodynamic testing: These tests measure pressure in the bladder and the flow of urine.

Treatment

Treatment for urinary urgency depends on the cause of the problem. Possible treatments include:

• Medications
• Bladder training
• Pelvic floor muscle exercises
• Electrical stimulation
• Surgery

See also

• Urinary incontinence
• Overactive bladder
• Interstitial cystitis
• Benign prostatic hyperplasia
• Urinary tract infection

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