Hepatic impairment

Hepatic Impairment
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Synonyms	Liver dysfunction, hepatic dysfunction
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Hepatic impairment or liver dysfunction refers to a condition where the liver's ability to perform its biochemical functions is diminished. This can be due to a variety of causes including liver disease, genetic disorders, exposure to harmful substances, or the use of certain medications. Hepatic impairment can range from mild to severe, and its effects can be temporary or permanent.

Causes

Hepatic impairment can result from numerous factors:

• Viral hepatitis (such as Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C)
• Alcoholic liver disease
• Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
• Cirrhosis
• Liver cancer
• Autoimmune diseases
• Genetic disorders like Wilson's disease or hemochromatosis
• Drug-induced liver injury, which can be caused by prescription medications, over-the-counter drugs, or dietary supplements

Symptoms

The symptoms of hepatic impairment can vary depending on the severity and the underlying cause, but common symptoms include:

• Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
• Fatigue
• Ascites (accumulation of fluid in the abdomen)
• Easy bruising
• Portal hypertension
• Hepatic encephalopathy (confusion and altered level of consciousness due to liver failure)

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of hepatic impairment involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests, which may include:

• Liver function tests to measure levels of liver enzymes and other substances in the blood
• Imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI
• Liver biopsy to assess liver tissue under a microscope

Treatment

Treatment of hepatic impairment depends on the underlying cause but may include:

• Lifestyle changes, such as alcohol abstinence and weight management
• Medications to treat the specific causes or symptoms
• In severe cases, a liver transplant may be necessary

Prognosis

The prognosis for hepatic impairment varies widely depending on the stage of liver damage and the effectiveness of the treatment regimen. Early detection and management are crucial for improving outcomes.

See also

• Liver function tests
• Hepatology
• Digestive system