Xanomeline

Xanomeline

Xanomeline is a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist that has been studied for its potential therapeutic uses, particularly in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. It was first synthesized in the late 20th century and has been the subject of numerous clinical trials.

History

Xanomeline was first synthesized in the 1990s by scientists at Lilly Research Laboratories. The compound was developed as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia, due to its ability to stimulate muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain.

Pharmacology

Xanomeline is a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist. It has a high affinity for the M1 and M4 subtypes of this receptor, which are primarily found in the brain. By stimulating these receptors, xanomeline can increase the activity of the cholinergic system, which is often impaired in individuals with Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia.

Clinical Trials

Several clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy of xanomeline in treating Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. In a phase II trial conducted by Lilly Research Laboratories, xanomeline was found to improve cognitive function and reduce psychotic symptoms in patients with Alzheimer's disease. However, the drug also caused significant side effects, including nausea and increased salivation, which led to the discontinuation of the trial.

Current Status

As of 2021, xanomeline is not approved for use in any country. However, research into its potential therapeutic uses continues. A prodrug of xanomeline, known as KarXT, is currently being developed by Karuna Therapeutics for the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders.

See Also

• Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
• Alzheimer's disease
• Schizophrenia
• KarXT