Furfural
Chemical compound
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Furfural is an organic compound belonging to the aldehyde family, with the chemical formula C₅H₄O₂. It is a colorless liquid, although commercial samples can appear yellow. Furfural is derived from a variety of agricultural byproducts, including corncobs, oat, wheat bran, and sawdust.
Production[edit | edit source]
Furfural is produced from the hemicellulose component of lignocellulosic biomass. The process involves the acid-catalyzed dehydration of xylose, a pentose sugar derived from the hemicellulose. This reaction is typically carried out in the presence of a mineral acid such as sulfuric acid.
Applications[edit | edit source]
Furfural is used as a solvent in the refining of lubricating oils and resins. It is also a precursor to other furan derivatives, such as furfuryl alcohol, which is used in the production of thermosetting resins. Additionally, furfural is used in the manufacture of pesticides, fungicides, and herbicides.
Safety[edit | edit source]
Furfural is considered to be a hazardous substance. It can cause skin irritation and eye irritation upon contact. Inhalation of furfural vapors can lead to respiratory tract irritation. It is important to handle furfural with appropriate safety precautions, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE).
Environmental Impact[edit | edit source]
Furfural is biodegradable and does not persist in the environment. However, its production and use must be managed to prevent environmental pollution.
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