Arum maculatum

Arum maculatum is a common woodland plant species of the Araceae family. It is widespread across temperate northern Europe and is known by an abundance of common names including wild arum, lords-and-ladies, and jack-in-the-pulpit. The purple spotted leaves of Arum maculatum appear in the spring (April–May) followed by the flowers borne on a poker shaped inflorescence called a spadix. The purple spadix is partially enclosed in a pale green spathe or leaf-like hood. The flowers are hidden from sight, clustered at the base of the spadix with a ring of female flowers at the bottom and a ring of male flowers above them.

Description[edit | edit source]

Arum maculatum is a perennial herb growing from a corm. It has 5-8 leaves that are either arrow-shaped or trifoliate. The leaves are usually dark green but often have dark purple blotches. The inflorescence consists of a greenish-white spathe, which encloses a purple spadix. The spadix produces a foul smell to attract flies, which pollinate the flowers.

Distribution and habitat[edit | edit source]

Arum maculatum is native to Europe and western Asia. It is found in woodlands, hedgerows, and in shady places. The plant prefers moist, well-drained soils and is often found in the understory of deciduous trees.

Uses[edit | edit source]

While all parts of the plant contain needle-like crystals of calcium oxalate which cause intense irritation to the skin and mucous membranes, Arum maculatum has been used in traditional medicine. The corm has been used as a poultice for bruises and rheumatism. However, it is not commonly used today due to the risk of irritation.

Toxicity[edit | edit source]

Arum maculatum is toxic to humans and animals if ingested. The plant contains calcium oxalate crystals, which can cause severe mouth and throat irritation if eaten. Symptoms of poisoning include burning and swelling of lips, mouth, and tongue, difficulty swallowing, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty breathing.