Sodium valproate

Sodium valproate is a medication primarily used to treat epilepsy and bipolar disorder and to prevent migraine headaches. It is useful for the prevention of seizures in those with absence seizures, partial seizures, and generalized seizures. It can be given intravenously or by mouth. Long term use can cause liver damage.

Medical uses

Sodium valproate is used primarily to treat epilepsy and psychiatric conditions like bipolar disorder. It is an anticonvulsant that works by increasing the amount of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain. GABA is a neurotransmitter, a chemical that nerves in the brain use to send messages to one another.

Side effects

Common side effects of sodium valproate include nausea, diarrhea, drowsiness, and tremor. Serious side effects can include liver problems, pancreatitis, suicidal thoughts, bleeding disorder, and a decrease in platelets. It is known to cause serious abnormalities in the baby if taken during pregnancy.

Pharmacology

Sodium valproate is a fatty acid that is structurally related to valproic acid. It works by increasing the amount of GABA in the brain, which helps to calm the nerve activity that leads to seizures.

History

Sodium valproate was first made in 1882 and came into medical use in 1962. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system.

See also

• Valproic acid
• Anticonvulsant
• Epilepsy
• Bipolar disorder