11-Ketotestosterone

11-Ketotestosterone (11-KT) is a naturally occurring steroid and a potent androgen. It is primarily produced in the testes and is the dominant androgen in many vertebrate species. In humans, 11-KT is derived from the conversion of testosterone, and is a major androgen in the adrenal gland.

Structure and Synthesis

11-Ketotestosterone is a steroid hormone with a four-ring core structure. It is synthesized from cholesterol through a series of enzymatic reactions. The synthesis of 11-KT involves the conversion of testosterone by the enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD). This enzyme is present in many tissues, including the liver, kidney, and adrenal gland.

Function

11-Ketotestosterone has similar effects to testosterone. It binds to and activates the androgen receptor, leading to the expression of androgen-responsive genes. This can result in a variety of effects, including the development of male secondary sexual characteristics, the stimulation of anabolism, and the regulation of sex drive.

In addition to its role as an androgen, 11-KT also has anti-inflammatory properties. It has been shown to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which may contribute to its role in the regulation of immune function.

Clinical Significance

Abnormal levels of 11-KT can be indicative of various medical conditions. Elevated levels may be seen in conditions such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia and polycystic ovary syndrome. Conversely, low levels of 11-KT may be associated with hypogonadism and adrenal insufficiency.

Measurement of 11-KT levels can be used in the diagnosis and monitoring of these conditions. This is typically done through a blood test, although urine tests can also be used.

See Also

• Testosterone
• Androgen
• Steroid hormone
• 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase