N-Butyric acid

N-Butyric acid (also known as butanoic acid) is a carboxylic acid with the chemical formula C₄H₈O₂. It is an important member of the fatty acids family, and is found in various animal fats and plant oils.

Chemical Structure

N-Butyric acid is a four-carbon saturated fatty acid. Its structure consists of a carboxyl group (COOH) attached to a three-carbon alkyl chain (CH₃CH₂CH₂-). The carboxyl group gives n-butyric acid its acidic properties, while the alkyl chain contributes to its hydrophobic nature.

Properties

N-Butyric acid is a colorless liquid that is soluble in water. It has a strong, unpleasant smell, often described as rancid or sour. This odor is a characteristic feature of rancid butter, from which the compound gets its name (from the Latin butyrum, meaning butter). N-Butyric acid has a boiling point of 163.5 °C and a melting point of -5.1 °C.

Production and Uses

N-Butyric acid is produced industrially through the oxidation of butyraldehyde. It is also produced naturally in the human body, particularly in the colon, by the fermentation of dietary fiber by gut flora.

N-Butyric acid has a variety of uses. It is used in the production of various chemicals, including esters used in perfumes and flavorings. It is also used in animal feed to promote growth, and in the manufacture of plastics, textiles, and pharmaceuticals.

Health Effects

In the human body, n-butyric acid plays a crucial role in maintaining the health of the colon. It serves as a primary energy source for colon cells and has anti-inflammatory effects. However, exposure to high concentrations of n-butyric acid can be harmful, causing skin and eye irritation, and respiratory problems if inhaled.

See Also

• Fatty acid
• Carboxylic acid
• Butyraldehyde
• Esters
• Gut flora