Irritable bowel syndrome

From WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia

Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Other namesIBS, spastic colon
SpecialtyGastroenterology
SymptomsAbdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, constipation
DurationLong term
TypesIBS-C (constipation predominant), IBS-D (diarrhea predominant), IBS-M (mixed type)
CausesUnknown
Risk factorsFood sensitivity, stress
Diagnostic methodBased on symptoms, ruled out other conditions
Differential diagnosisInflammatory bowel disease, Celiac disease, Gastroenteritis
TreatmentDietary changes, medication, psychological therapy
MedicationLaxatives, Antispasmodics, Antidepressants
Frequency10–15% globally



Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the large intestine that leads to symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits including diarrhea and constipation. The exact cause of IBS is not well understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of intestinal and nervous system abnormalities, psychological stress, and microbial factors.

Symptoms[edit | edit source]

IBS symptoms vary widely among individuals but commonly include:

  • Abdominal pain or cramping
  • Bloating
  • Gas
  • Diarrhea or constipation — sometimes alternating bouts of diarrhea and constipation

Causes[edit | edit source]

While the exact cause of IBS is unknown, several factors appear to play a role, including:

  • Muscle contractions in the intestine
  • Nervous system abnormalities
  • Inflammation in the intestines
  • Severe infection
  • Changes in gut microbes

Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

Diagnosis of IBS is typically made based on the symptoms and after ruling out other conditions. The Rome criteria are often used to help diagnose IBS. Tests to rule out other conditions might include blood tests, stool tests, and colonoscopy.

Treatment[edit | edit source]

Treatment of IBS may include:

  • Dietary adjustments, such as increasing fiber intake or following a low FODMAP diet
  • Medications, including fiber supplements, laxatives, antidiarrheal drugs, antispasmodics, and antidepressants
  • Psychological therapies, such as cognitive behavioral therapy or psychotherapy

Epidemiology[edit | edit source]

IBS affects about 10–15% of people globally and is more common in women than men. The condition often begins in young adulthood.

See also[edit | edit source]


Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD