Base (chemistry)

Base (chemistry)

A base in chemistry is a substance that can accept protons or donate a pair of valence electrons. The concept of a base comes from the Arrhenius theory, which was later expanded by Bronsted-Lowry theory and Lewis theory.

Characteristics of Bases

Bases exhibit certain characteristics that distinguish them from other substances. They have a bitter taste, feel slippery to the touch, and turn litmus paper blue. They also react with acids to form salts and water, a process known as neutralization.

Types of Bases

There are several types of bases, including:

• Arrhenius base: These are substances that increase the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water.
• Bronsted-Lowry base: These are substances that can accept a proton (H+).
• Lewis base: These are substances that can donate a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond.

Examples of Bases

Common examples of bases include sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), and ammonia (NH3). These substances are often used in cleaning products and industrial processes.

Uses of Bases

Bases have a wide range of uses in various industries. They are used in the manufacture of soap, paper, and textiles. They are also used in water treatment processes to neutralize acidic waste.

Safety and Precautions

Bases can be corrosive and cause burns if they come into contact with skin or eyes. It is important to handle them with care and use appropriate safety equipment.

See Also

• Acid
• pH
• Acid-base reaction theories
• Acid-base titration