Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are a class of pharmaceutical drugs that suppress the activity of carbonic anhydrase. Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme that assists rapid interconversion of carbon dioxide and water into carbonic acid, protons, and bicarbonate ions. This process is fundamental to many processes in the body, including the transport of carbon dioxide out of tissues, and the production of aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, gastric acid, and pancreatic juice.

Mechanism of action

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors work by binding to the active site of the carbonic anhydrase enzyme, which inhibits (reduces) its activity. This results in decreased production of hydrogen ions and bicarbonate from carbon dioxide and water, which in turn leads to a reduction in the production of stomach acid, cerebrospinal fluid, and other secretions.

Medical uses

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are used in the treatment of a variety of medical conditions. These include glaucoma, epilepsy, altitude sickness, hydrocephalus, and edema related to congestive heart failure or cirrhosis. They are also used as a diuretic to increase the excretion of sodium and water in the urine, which can help to reduce blood pressure.

Side effects

Like all medications, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors can cause side effects. These can include fatigue, dizziness, nausea, and diarrhea. In rare cases, they can cause more serious side effects such as depression, kidney stones, and metabolic acidosis.

Examples

Examples of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors include acetazolamide, methazolamide, and dorzolamide. These drugs are available in oral and topical forms, and are typically prescribed by a doctor.

See also

• Enzyme inhibitor
• Pharmacology
• Medicinal chemistry