Ürümqi

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大巴扎 China Xinjiang Urumqi Welcome you to tour the, Китай Синьцз - panoramio - jun jin luo (1)

Outer Ring Road of Urumqi

Urumqi partial panorama at dusk

People's Square of Urumqi 1

Ürümqi (Uyghur: ئۈرۈمچی, Chinese: 乌鲁木齐) is the capital of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in the far northwest of the People's Republic of China. It is the largest city in China's western interior as well as one of the most distant cities from any sea in the world. Ürümqi has seen significant economic development since the 1990s and has been a focal point for cultural exchange and political conflict in the region.

History

Ürümqi's history dates back to the 2nd century BC when it was a hub on the Silk Road, facilitating trade between China and the West. The city has been under various administrations, including the Han dynasty, Tang dynasty, Mongol Empire, and Qing dynasty before becoming part of the newly established Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in 1955.

Geography

Ürümqi is located in the Tianshan mountain range, making it one of the few major cities in the world to lie so far from any ocean. Its unique geographical location has contributed to its rich biodiversity and scenic landscapes, including the Heavenly Lake (Tianchi Lake).

Economy

The economy of Ürümqi has traditionally been based on agriculture and trade, with significant growth in sectors such as petroleum, coal, and textiles due to the development of the New Eurasian Land Bridge. The city has also become a center for international trade with Central Asian countries, further boosting its economic status in the region.

Demographics

Ürümqi is home to a diverse population, including ethnic Uyghurs, Han Chinese, Kazakhs, and Hui Muslims, among others. This diversity has made the city a melting pot of cultures, languages, and religions, although it has also been a source of ethnic tensions.

Culture

The city's culture is a blend of Central Asian and Chinese influences, with notable landmarks such as the International Grand Bazaar and the Xinjiang Regional Museum showcasing its rich heritage. Ürümqi also serves as an important center for traditional Uyghur music and dance.

Transportation

Ürümqi is a major transportation hub in western China, with the Ürümqi Diwopu International Airport, extensive railway connections, and a developing network of highways facilitating domestic and international travel.

Education

The city is an educational center in the region, hosting several universities and colleges, including Xinjiang University and Ürümqi Vocational University, which contribute to its vibrant academic atmosphere.

Challenges

Ürümqi faces several challenges, including environmental issues such as air and water pollution, and social issues stemming from ethnic tensions. The government has implemented various measures to address these challenges, although their effectiveness remains a subject of debate.