Α-Ketoglutarate

α-Ketoglutarate (also known as 2-oxoglutarate) is a key molecule in the metabolic pathways of organisms and cells. It is a keto acid produced by the deamination of glutamate, and is a vital intermediate in the Krebs cycle.

Structure and properties

α-Ketoglutarate is a molecule with a ketone and a carboxylic acid group. Its chemical formula is C5H6O5. It is a chiral molecule, with two possible enantiomers. The naturally occurring form is the L-isomer.

Biological role

In the cell, α-ketoglutarate plays a crucial role in several metabolic pathways. It is one of the intermediates in the Krebs cycle, a key process in cellular respiration. In this cycle, α-ketoglutarate is formed from isocitrate and is then converted into succinyl CoA.

α-Ketoglutarate is also involved in amino acid metabolism. It is a byproduct of the deamination of glutamate, and is a precursor for the synthesis of glutamine, glutamate, and proline. In addition, α-ketoglutarate is used in the urea cycle and the glyoxylate cycle.

Medical significance

α-Ketoglutarate has been studied for its potential medical applications. It has been suggested that α-ketoglutarate could be used as a treatment for mitochondrial diseases, as it can enhance mitochondrial function and reduce oxidative stress. It may also have potential in the treatment of cancer, as some cancer cells have been found to have altered α-ketoglutarate metabolism.

See also

• Krebs cycle
• Glutamate
• Metabolism