Δ-4-Tetrahydrocannabinol

Δ-4-Tetrahydrocannabinol (also known as Δ4-THC) is a psychoactive compound that is one of the main constituents of cannabis. It is one of the compounds known as cannabinoids, which are unique to the cannabis plant. Δ4-THC is responsible for the plant's psychoactive effects and has a variety of therapeutic uses.

Chemistry

Δ4-THC is a member of the cannabinoid class of compounds, which also includes substances like cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabigerol (CBG). It is a lipid-soluble compound, which means it can easily cross the blood-brain barrier and exert its effects on the central nervous system.

The compound has a molecular formula of C21H30O2 and a molecular weight of 314.469 g/mol. It is a cyclic compound with a five-ring structure, including a pyran ring and a hydroxyl group.

Pharmacology

Δ4-THC acts primarily on the endocannabinoid system, a group of lipid-based retrograde neurotransmitters that bind to cannabinoid receptors, as well as the various compounds that interact with them. The compound has a high affinity for the CB1 receptor, which is predominantly found in the brain.

When Δ4-THC binds to the CB1 receptor, it acts as a partial agonist, mimicking the effects of the endogenous cannabinoids, such as anandamide. This leads to a variety of effects, including euphoria, altered perception, and increased appetite.

Medical uses

Δ4-THC has a variety of therapeutic uses. It is used in the treatment of conditions such as chronic pain, nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy, and anorexia associated with weight loss in patients with AIDS. It is also used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis to alleviate spasticity and neuropathic pain.

Side effects

The most common side effects of Δ4-THC are related to its psychoactive properties. These can include euphoria, altered perception, memory impairment, and increased appetite. In some cases, it can also cause anxiety and paranoia.

See also

• Cannabinoid
• Endocannabinoid system
• Cannabis (drug)