Butadiene

Lebedev

Ostromislensky reaction

Comparison of butadiene and ethylene

Butadiene-resonance

(Butadiene)iron-tricarbonyl-3D-balls

Butadiene is a chemical compound with the formula C₄H₆. It is a colorless gas that is highly flammable and has a mildly aromatic odor. Butadiene is considered an important industrial chemical, as it is used as a monomer in the production of synthetic rubber and various plastics. The most common form of butadiene is 1,3-butadiene, which has a double bond at the first and third carbon atoms in the four-carbon chain.

Production

Butadiene is primarily produced through the steam cracking of naphtha or ethane and propane. The process involves the thermal decomposition of these hydrocarbons to produce a mixture of products, including butadiene. Another method of production is through the dehydrogenation of butane.

Uses

The primary use of butadiene is in the production of synthetic rubber, such as styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), which is used in tire manufacturing and other rubber goods. Butadiene is also a key monomer in the production of plastics like acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), which is widely used in the automotive and consumer electronics industries.

Health and Safety

Exposure to butadiene is a health concern, as it is classified as a carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Inhalation of butadiene can lead to irritation of the respiratory tract, and long-term exposure has been linked to cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Safety measures include controlling exposure levels and using personal protective equipment (PPE) in industrial settings.

Environmental Impact

Butadiene can contribute to air pollution and has potential effects on the environment. It is a volatile organic compound (VOC) that can react with other pollutants to form ground-level ozone, a component of smog. Monitoring and controlling emissions of butadiene are important for protecting air quality.

Regulation

Due to its health and environmental impacts, the production, use, and emission of butadiene are regulated in many countries. Regulations may include limits on workplace exposure levels, emissions standards for industrial plants, and requirements for the handling and transportation of butadiene.