1-naphtol

1-Naphthol, also known as alpha-naphthol, is an organic compound with the formula C₁₀H₇OH. It is a white, crystalline solid that is slightly soluble in water but more soluble in organic solvents. 1-Naphthol is an important intermediate in the synthesis of various dyes, pigments, and other chemical compounds. It is derived from naphthalene, a bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, through a process known as naphthalene oxidation.

Properties

1-Naphthol has a molecular weight of 144.17 g/mol and a melting point of 94-96 °C. Its structure consists of a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to the first carbon of the naphthalene ring system, which is why it is referred to as "1-naphthol," with the "1-" indicating the position of the hydroxyl group on the naphthalene ring. This structural aspect is crucial for its chemical behavior and its role as a precursor in various chemical reactions.

Production

The production of 1-Naphthol primarily involves the sulfonation of naphthalene to give naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid, followed by alkaline fusion, which involves heating with sodium hydroxide. This process not only yields 1-naphthol but also sets the stage for further chemical modifications that can lead to a wide range of derivatives with diverse applications.

Applications

1-Naphthol is extensively used in the chemical industry. Its derivatives are utilized in the manufacture of azo dyes and pigments, which are important in textile, paper, and leather dyeing processes. Furthermore, it serves as a key intermediate in the production of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other industrial chemicals.

Safety and Environmental Impact

Handling of 1-Naphthol requires caution as it can be harmful if swallowed, inhaled, or comes into contact with skin. It is also considered to have potential environmental impacts, particularly if released into water bodies, where it can be toxic to aquatic life.

See Also

• Naphthalene
• Azo dye
• Organic compound
• Chemical synthesis