17α-alkylated

Overview of 17α-alkylated anabolic steroids

17α-Alkylated refers to a structural modification of anabolic steroids, where an alkyl group is added to the 17th carbon position of the steroid structure. This modification is primarily used to enhance the oral bioavailability of these compounds.

Structure and Function

The 17α-alkylation of anabolic steroids involves the addition of an alkyl group, such as a methyl or ethyl group, to the 17th carbon atom of the steroid nucleus. This modification prevents the steroid from being rapidly metabolized by the liver, allowing it to be effective when taken orally. The presence of the alkyl group at the 17α position reduces the liver's ability to oxidize the steroid, thus increasing its half-life and potency.

Pharmacokinetics

The primary advantage of 17α-alkylated steroids is their ability to be administered orally, as they are resistant to first-pass metabolism in the liver. This resistance is due to the steric hindrance provided by the alkyl group, which protects the steroid from enzymatic degradation. However, this modification also increases the potential for hepatotoxicity, as the liver is exposed to higher concentrations of the active compound.

Clinical Uses

17α-Alkylated steroids are used in various clinical settings, including the treatment of conditions such as:

• Hypogonadism
• Delayed puberty
• Anemia
• Breast cancer

These compounds are also used illicitly by athletes and bodybuilders to enhance performance and increase muscle mass.

Side Effects

The use of 17α-alkylated steroids is associated with several adverse effects, particularly on the liver. These include:

• Hepatotoxicity
• Cholestasis
• Liver tumors

Other side effects may include:

• Cardiovascular disease
• Hypertension
• Acne
• Gynecomastia

Examples of 17α-Alkylated Steroids

Some common examples of 17α-alkylated steroids include:

• Methandrostenolone (Dianabol)
• Oxandrolone (Anavar)
• Stanozolol (Winstrol)
• Oxymetholone (Anadrol)

Regulation and Control

Due to their potential for abuse and adverse health effects, 17α-alkylated steroids are classified as controlled substances in many countries. Their use is restricted to specific medical conditions and requires a prescription from a licensed healthcare provider.

Also see

• Anabolic steroid
• Steroid metabolism
• Liver function
• Performance-enhancing drugs