17β-Hydroxysteroid

17β-Hydroxysteroid is a hydroxysteroid that has a hydroxyl group in the 17β position. It is a part of the steroid family, which are organic compounds with four rings arranged in a specific molecular configuration. Steroids have two primary biological functions: as important components of cell membranes which alter membrane fluidity; and as signaling molecules.

17β-Hydroxysteroid is involved in the biosynthesis of androgens, estrogens, and corticosteroids. It is also involved in the metabolism of these compounds. The enzymes that catalyze the reactions involving 17β-Hydroxysteroid are known as 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases.

Biosynthesis and Metabolism

The biosynthesis of 17β-Hydroxysteroid involves the conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone by the enzyme 3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. This is followed by the conversion of progesterone to 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone by the enzyme 17α-Hydroxylase. Finally, 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone is converted to 17β-Hydroxysteroid by the enzyme 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.

The metabolism of 17β-Hydroxysteroid involves the conversion of this compound to estradiol by the enzyme aromatase. This is followed by the conversion of estradiol to estrone by the enzyme estrone sulfotransferase. Finally, estrone is converted back to 17β-Hydroxysteroid by the enzyme 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.

Clinical Significance

Alterations in the levels of 17β-Hydroxysteroid can lead to various health conditions. For instance, an excess of 17β-Hydroxysteroid can lead to hyperandrogenism, which is characterized by excessive levels of androgens in the body. This can lead to conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome and hirsutism. On the other hand, a deficiency of 17β-Hydroxysteroid can lead to hypogonadism, which is characterized by reduced function of the gonads, leading to reduced production of sex hormones.

17β-Hydroxysteroid Resources
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