2-Pyrrolidone

2-Pyrrolidone

2-Pyrrolidone is a cyclic organic compound with the molecular formula C₄H₇NO. It is a colorless liquid that is miscible with water and most organic solvents. 2-Pyrrolidone is widely used in various industries due to its versatile properties and applications.

Properties

2-Pyrrolidone has a boiling point of approximately 245 °C and a melting point of -24 °C. It has a density of 1.12 g/cm³ and a molecular weight of 85.1 g/mol. The compound is hygroscopic, meaning it readily absorbs moisture from the air. It is also a good solvent for many organic and inorganic compounds.

Production

2-Pyrrolidone can be produced through various methods, including the reaction of γ-butyrolactone with ammonia or a primary amine. Another common method involves the reaction of succinimide with ammonia or an amine. These processes typically require the use of catalysts and specific reaction conditions.

Applications

2-Pyrrolidone finds applications in several industries, including:

1. Pharmaceuticals: It is used as a solvent and intermediate in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical compounds. It is also utilized as a solubilizer and penetration enhancer in drug formulations.

2. Cosmetics: 2-Pyrrolidone is used in cosmetic products as a humectant and viscosity regulator. It helps to retain moisture and improve the texture of creams, lotions, and other personal care products.

3. Polymer Industry: It is employed as a monomer in the production of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), a widely used polymer in pharmaceuticals, adhesives, and coatings. PVP is known for its film-forming, binding, and stabilizing properties.

4. Agrochemicals: 2-Pyrrolidone is used as a solvent and carrier for various agrochemical formulations, including herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides. It aids in the effective delivery and dispersion of active ingredients.

Safety and Precautions

2-Pyrrolidone is generally considered to have low toxicity. However, it is recommended to handle it with care and follow proper safety precautions, including wearing protective gloves and goggles. It should be stored in a cool, well-ventilated area away from sources of ignition.

See Also

• Gamma-Butyrolactone
• Polyvinylpyrrolidone
• Solvent
• Humectant
• Viscosity