2018 United States adenovirus outbreak

2018 U.S. adenovirus outbreak map

2018 United States Adenovirus Outbreak

The 2018 United States Adenovirus Outbreak refers to a significant medical event in which a series of adenovirus infections occurred across multiple states in the United States. Adenoviruses are a group of common viruses that can cause a range of illnesses, from mild cold-like symptoms to more severe conditions such as pneumonia, bronchitis, and conjunctivitis (pink eye). The 2018 outbreak was notable for its severity and the number of individuals affected.

Background

Adenoviruses are widespread viruses that infect the lining of the eyes, airways and lungs, intestines, urinary tract, and nervous system. They are known for their resilience and can survive on surfaces for long periods, making them highly transmissible. In most cases, adenovirus infections are mild and require no specific treatment. However, certain groups, such as infants, people with weakened immune systems, or those with existing respiratory or cardiac diseases, are at higher risk of developing severe illness.

The Outbreak

The 2018 outbreak was first identified in a healthcare facility in New Jersey, where patients developed severe respiratory illnesses. It quickly became apparent that the outbreak was not confined to a single location, with cases reported in several other states. The strain identified in many of the cases was Adenovirus type 7, known to cause more severe outcomes.

Response

In response to the outbreak, health departments across the affected states, in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), initiated investigations to identify the source of the infections and to implement control measures. These measures included reinforcing hand hygiene, environmental cleaning, and isolation procedures for infected individuals.

Impact

The 2018 adenovirus outbreak had a significant impact on public health due to the number of people affected and the severity of the illnesses. It highlighted the need for improved infection control practices in healthcare and communal settings, especially in facilities caring for vulnerable populations.

Prevention

Prevention of adenovirus infections primarily involves practicing good hygiene, such as frequent handwashing, avoiding close contact with people who are sick, and adhering to cough and sneeze etiquette. In some cases, a vaccine against adenovirus types 4 and 7 is available but is restricted to military personnel, who are at higher risk of infection due to close living conditions.

See Also

• Viral outbreak
• Infectious disease
• Epidemiology
• Public health