2019–2021 polio outbreak in the Philippines
Overview of the polio outbreak in the Philippines from 2019 to 2021
2019–2021 Polio Outbreak in the Philippines[edit | edit source]
The 2019–2021 polio outbreak in the Philippines was a significant public health event that marked the re-emergence of poliovirus in the country after nearly two decades of being polio-free. The outbreak was officially declared by the Department of Health (DOH) in September 2019 and continued until June 2021.
Background[edit | edit source]
The Philippines was declared polio-free in 2000 by the World Health Organization (WHO), following a successful immunization campaign. However, the resurgence of the disease in 2019 was attributed to several factors, including low immunization coverage, poor sanitation, and the presence of vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV).
Causes[edit | edit source]
The outbreak was primarily caused by the circulation of vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2). This occurs when the weakened virus used in the oral polio vaccine (OPV) circulates in under-immunized populations for a prolonged period, mutating and regaining the ability to cause paralysis.
Response[edit | edit source]
The response to the outbreak involved a coordinated effort between the Philippine government, WHO, and other international partners. Mass immunization campaigns were launched, targeting millions of children under the age of five. The "Sabayang Patak Kontra Polio" campaign was a nationwide effort to administer the oral polio vaccine to all eligible children.
Challenges[edit | edit source]
The outbreak response faced several challenges, including vaccine hesitancy, logistical difficulties in reaching remote areas, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Misinformation and fear surrounding vaccines also contributed to lower vaccination rates.
Outcome[edit | edit source]
By June 2021, the DOH declared the end of the polio outbreak, following a year without any new cases. The success was attributed to the extensive immunization efforts and improved surveillance systems.
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