3-Indolepropionic acid
From WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia
3-Indolepropionic acid (also known as IPA or indole-3-propionic acid) is a deamination product of tryptophan metabolism by gut microbiota. It is a potent neuroprotective antioxidant and has been identified as an endogenous peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist.
Metabolism[edit | edit source]
3-Indolepropionic acid is produced in the human gut by the bacterial species Clostridium sporogenes and Peptostreptococcus from dietary tryptophan. The production of 3-Indolepropionic acid is dependent on the presence of these specific bacteria in the gut microbiota and the availability of dietary tryptophan.
Biological Activity[edit | edit source]
3-Indolepropionic acid has been shown to have neuroprotective effects. It is a potent antioxidant, capable of scavenging hydroxyl radicals and suppressing lipid peroxidation. It has been suggested that 3-Indolepropionic acid may have potential therapeutic applications in conditions characterized by oxidative stress, such as Alzheimer's disease.
In addition to its antioxidant properties, 3-Indolepropionic acid is an endogenous agonist of PPARγ, a nuclear receptor that plays a key role in the regulation of lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, and inflammation. Activation of PPARγ by 3-Indolepropionic acid may contribute to its neuroprotective effects.
Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]
Studies have suggested that higher levels of 3-Indolepropionic acid in the gut may be associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. This is thought to be due to the role of 3-Indolepropionic acid in regulating glucose homeostasis through its activation of PPARγ.
In addition, 3-Indolepropionic acid has been proposed as a potential therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease due to its antioxidant and neuroprotective properties.
See Also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
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