5α-Dihydrocortisol

5α-Dihydrocortisol is a steroid metabolite of cortisol, a glucocorticoid hormone produced in the adrenal gland. It is formed in the body by the action of the enzyme 5α-reductase on cortisol. This enzyme is found in many tissues, including the liver, prostate, and skin.

Structure and Function

5α-Dihydrocortisol is a hydroxysteroid, meaning it has a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to its steroid structure. This makes it more soluble in water and allows it to be excreted in the urine. It is less active than cortisol, meaning it has less effect on the body's metabolism and immune system.

Metabolism

The metabolism of 5α-Dihydrocortisol involves several steps. First, cortisol is converted to 5α-Dihydrocortisol by the enzyme 5α-reductase. This reaction occurs primarily in the liver, but also in other tissues such as the skin and prostate. The 5α-Dihydrocortisol is then further metabolized to tetrahydrocortisol, which is excreted in the urine.

Clinical Significance

Abnormal levels of 5α-Dihydrocortisol in the body can be indicative of certain medical conditions. For example, increased levels can be seen in Cushing's syndrome, a condition characterized by excessive cortisol production. Conversely, decreased levels can be seen in 5α-reductase deficiency, a rare genetic disorder that affects the metabolism of steroids.

See Also

• Cortisol
• 5α-reductase
• Cushing's syndrome
• 5α-reductase deficiency