5-fluorocytosine

5-Fluorocytosine (also known as 5-FC) is an antifungal medication used to treat serious infections caused by a variety of fungi. This includes infections in the lung, brain, blood, and urinary tract. It is often used in combination with other antifungal medications to enhance its effectiveness.

Pharmacology[edit | edit source]

5-Fluorocytosine works by interfering with the DNA and protein synthesis in fungal cells. It is converted into 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by the enzyme cytosine deaminase, which is found in many fungi but not in human cells. The 5-FU is then incorporated into the fungal DNA and RNA, disrupting their normal function and leading to cell death.

Side Effects[edit | edit source]

Common side effects of 5-fluorocytosine include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. More serious side effects can include bone marrow suppression, leading to a decrease in white blood cells and platelets, and liver toxicity.

Drug Interactions[edit | edit source]

5-Fluorocytosine can interact with other medications, including cytarabine, flucytosine, and amphotericin B. These interactions can increase the risk of side effects or decrease the effectiveness of the medications.

Dosage[edit | edit source]

The dosage of 5-fluorocytosine depends on the type and severity of the infection, as well as the patient's weight and kidney function. It is usually taken orally four times a day.

History[edit | edit source]

5-Fluorocytosine was first synthesized in the 1950s as a potential anticancer drug. However, it was found to be more effective against fungal infections and was approved for medical use in the United States in 1971.