5-fluorocytosine

5-Fluorocytosine (also known as 5-FC) is an antifungal medication used to treat serious infections caused by a variety of fungi. This includes infections in the lung, brain, blood, and urinary tract. It is often used in combination with other antifungal medications to enhance its effectiveness.

Pharmacology

5-Fluorocytosine works by interfering with the DNA and protein synthesis in fungal cells. It is converted into 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by the enzyme cytosine deaminase, which is found in many fungi but not in human cells. The 5-FU is then incorporated into the fungal DNA and RNA, disrupting their normal function and leading to cell death.

Side Effects

Common side effects of 5-fluorocytosine include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. More serious side effects can include bone marrow suppression, leading to a decrease in white blood cells and platelets, and liver toxicity.

Drug Interactions

5-Fluorocytosine can interact with other medications, including cytarabine, flucytosine, and amphotericin B. These interactions can increase the risk of side effects or decrease the effectiveness of the medications.

Dosage

The dosage of 5-fluorocytosine depends on the type and severity of the infection, as well as the patient's weight and kidney function. It is usually taken orally four times a day.

History

5-Fluorocytosine was first synthesized in the 1950s as a potential anticancer drug. However, it was found to be more effective against fungal infections and was approved for medical use in the United States in 1971.

See Also

• Antifungal medication
• 5-fluorouracil
• Cytosine deaminase