A-kinase-anchoring protein

A-kinase-anchoring proteins (AKAPs) are a group of structurally diverse proteins which have the common function of binding to the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PKA) and confining the holoenzyme to discrete locations within the cell. This action has the effect of increasing the speed and precision of intracellular signal transduction.

Structure

AKAPs have a conserved amino acid sequence that allows them to bind to the regulatory subunit of PKA. The rest of the AKAP protein has a variable structure and is responsible for determining its localization within the cell.

Function

AKAPs play a crucial role in the spatial and temporal control of PKA signaling within cells. They do this by binding to the regulatory subunits of PKA and directing the enzyme to specific locations within the cell. This allows for precise control of PKA signaling, as the enzyme can be rapidly activated or deactivated in response to changes in the levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP).

Clinical significance

Alterations in the function of AKAPs have been implicated in a number of diseases, including heart disease, cancer, and neurological disorders. For example, changes in the expression or function of AKAPs can lead to alterations in the signaling pathways controlled by PKA, which can in turn lead to disease.

See also

• Protein kinase A
• Signal transduction