ADD

Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development. ADD is often considered synonymous with ADHD, or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, though the latter term is more widely used in the current diagnostic criteria to encompass various types of attention disorders, including those without prominent hyperactivity.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

The primary symptoms of ADD include persistent inattention, distractibility, forgetfulness, and difficulty in organizing tasks. Unlike ADHD, hyperactivity is not a defining characteristic of ADD, making it less noticeable and often leading to later diagnosis. Diagnosis is based on the criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which requires symptoms to be present for at least six months and to be inappropriate for the developmental level of the individual.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of ADD is unknown, but a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors is believed to contribute. Risk factors may include family history of the disorder, prenatal exposures (such as alcohol or tobacco use during pregnancy), and environmental factors like lead exposure.

Treatment

Treatment for ADD typically involves a combination of medication, psychotherapy, education or training, or a combination of these. Stimulant medications are commonly prescribed to help increase attention and focus, while psychotherapy can help improve time management and organizational skills. Behavioral therapy is also an effective treatment, especially for children.

Impact

ADD can have a significant impact on an individual's academic, work, and social life. Without proper management, individuals with ADD may struggle with low self-esteem, relationship issues, and academic or occupational difficulties. However, with appropriate treatment and support, many people with ADD lead successful and productive lives.

See Also

• Learning Disabilities
• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
• Special Education

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