ALPSA lesion

ALPSA Lesion

An ALPSA lesion (Anterior Labroligamentous Periosteal Sleeve Avulsion) is a medical condition related to the shoulder joint. It is a specific type of injury that affects the labrum of the shoulder, which is a ring of cartilage that surrounds the socket of the shoulder joint, helping to stabilize the joint and keep the arm bone (humerus) in place. The ALPSA lesion is characterized by the avulsion (tearing away) of the anterior (front) part of the labrum along with the attached periosteum (the connective tissue covering the bone) from the glenoid (the socket of the shoulder joint). This injury is often associated with shoulder dislocations and can significantly affect shoulder stability and function.

Causes and Risk Factors

ALPSA lesions are most commonly caused by traumatic events, such as a fall on an outstretched hand or a direct blow to the shoulder. These types of injuries are prevalent in contact sports, such as football, rugby, and hockey, where high-impact collisions are common. Individuals who engage in overhead sports like volleyball or baseball may also be at increased risk due to the repetitive stress placed on the shoulder joint.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of an ALPSA lesion is pain in the shoulder, especially when moving the arm or when pressure is applied to the area. Other symptoms may include:

• Decreased range of motion
• Instability in the shoulder
• A feeling of the shoulder "giving way"
• Swelling and tenderness around the joint

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of an ALPSA lesion typically involves a combination of physical examination and imaging studies. During the physical exam, a healthcare provider will assess the shoulder's range of motion, strength, and stability. Imaging tests such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) or Computed Tomography (CT) scan are often used to confirm the diagnosis and evaluate the extent of the injury.

Treatment

The treatment for an ALPSA lesion depends on the severity of the injury and the patient's overall health and activity level. Options include:

• Conservative treatment: This approach may include rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE), along with physical therapy to strengthen the shoulder muscles and improve flexibility.
• Surgical treatment: In cases where conservative treatment does not lead to improvement, or if the injury is severe, surgery may be necessary to reattach the labrum to the glenoid. This is typically done arthroscopically, using small incisions and specialized instruments.

Prognosis

With appropriate treatment, most individuals with an ALPSA lesion can return to their previous levels of activity. However, the prognosis depends on several factors, including the severity of the injury, the patient's age, and their overall health. Rehabilitation plays a crucial role in recovery, and adherence to a physical therapy program is essential for regaining strength and stability in the shoulder.

Prevention

Preventing ALPSA lesions involves minimizing the risk factors associated with shoulder injuries. This can include:

• Strengthening the shoulder muscles through regular exercise
• Using proper techniques during sports and physical activities
• Wearing protective gear when participating in contact sports