AL amyloidosis

AL Amyloidosis is a rare disease characterized by the deposition of abnormal proteins, known as amyloid proteins, in various tissues and organs of the body. The disease is also known as primary amyloidosis or light chain amyloidosis.

Etiology

AL Amyloidosis is caused by the overproduction of immunoglobulin light chain (a part of the immune system's antibodies) by the plasma cells in the bone marrow. These light chains misfold and form amyloid fibrils, which deposit in tissues and organs, causing damage and dysfunction.

Symptoms

The symptoms of AL Amyloidosis vary depending on the organs affected. Common symptoms include fatigue, weight loss, shortness of breath, and swelling in the legs and ankles. If the heart is affected, it can lead to congestive heart failure. If the kidneys are affected, it can lead to nephrotic syndrome and kidney failure.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of AL Amyloidosis involves a combination of blood tests, urine tests, imaging studies, and tissue biopsy. The Congo red stain is often used in tissue biopsy to confirm the presence of amyloid proteins.

Treatment

Treatment for AL Amyloidosis aims to reduce the production of light chains and remove the amyloid deposits. This can involve chemotherapy, stem cell transplantation, and supportive care to manage symptoms.

Prognosis

The prognosis of AL Amyloidosis depends on the extent of organ involvement and the patient's response to treatment. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve the prognosis.

See also

• Amyloidosis
• Immunoglobulin light chain
• Plasma cell
• Bone marrow
• Congestive heart failure
• Nephrotic syndrome
• Congo red stain