APOA4

Apolipoprotein A-IV (APOA4) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOA4 gene. It is a component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism.

Function

APOA4 is synthesized in the small intestine and is incorporated into chylomicrons, which are lipoprotein particles responsible for the absorption of dietary fats and cholesterol. After a meal, the levels of APOA4 in the blood increase significantly, suggesting its role in the postprandial (after meal) period.

The primary function of APOA4 is to participate in the reverse transport of cholesterol, carrying it from the tissues back to the liver for excretion. It also has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and it may play a role in the sensation of satiety.

Clinical significance

Alterations in the APOA4 gene have been associated with changes in HDL levels and coronary artery disease. Some studies suggest that APOA4 may have a protective effect against atherosclerosis, a disease characterized by the buildup of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in and on the artery walls.

Research

Research is ongoing to understand the exact role of APOA4 in lipid metabolism and its potential as a therapeutic target for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

See also

• Apolipoprotein
• Chylomicron
• High-density lipoprotein
• Atherosclerosis