Insulin glargine

An article about the long-acting insulin analog, Insulin glargine

Insulin glargine is a long-acting insulin analog used in the management of diabetes mellitus. It is designed to provide a steady level of insulin over a 24-hour period, helping to control blood sugar levels in individuals with type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes.

Pharmacology

Insulin glargine is a recombinant human insulin analog. It is produced by modifying the amino acid sequence of human insulin, which alters its solubility and absorption characteristics. Upon subcutaneous injection, insulin glargine forms microprecipitates in the subcutaneous tissue, from which small amounts of insulin are slowly released into the bloodstream.

The onset of action for insulin glargine is typically 1 to 2 hours after injection, with a duration of action lasting up to 24 hours. This provides a basal level of insulin, mimicking the natural basal insulin secretion of the pancreas.

Clinical Use

Insulin glargine is indicated for the treatment of adults and children with type 1 diabetes and adults with type 2 diabetes who require basal insulin for the control of hyperglycemia. It is usually administered once daily, at the same time each day, to maintain consistent blood glucose levels.

Dosing

The dose of insulin glargine is individualized based on the patient's metabolic needs, blood glucose monitoring results, and glycemic control goals. It is important to adjust the dose based on regular monitoring of blood glucose levels to avoid hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia.

Side Effects

Common side effects of insulin glargine include hypoglycemia, injection site reactions, and weight gain. Hypoglycemia is the most common adverse effect and can be serious if not managed promptly. Patients should be educated on recognizing the symptoms of hypoglycemia and how to treat it.

Comparison with Other Insulins

Insulin glargine is one of several long-acting insulin analogs available. It is often compared with insulin detemir and insulin degludec, which are also used to provide basal insulin coverage. Each of these insulins has unique pharmacokinetic properties that may make one more suitable than another for a particular patient.

Also see

• Diabetes mellitus
• Insulin therapy
• Hypoglycemia
• Insulin detemir
• Insulin degludec