Abortion in Romania

Abortion in Romania has a complex history, significantly influenced by the country's political and social landscape. The legality and accessibility of abortion have undergone substantial changes over the years, reflecting broader shifts in Romanian society and governance.

History

The history of abortion in Romania is marked by two distinct periods: the era of liberal abortion laws before 1966, and the strict anti-abortion regime that existed from 1966 until the Romanian Revolution in 1989.

Pre-1966 Era

Before 1966, Romania had relatively liberal abortion laws, similar to those of other European countries at the time. Abortion was permitted on request or for medical reasons, allowing women significant control over their reproductive rights.

1966-1989: Decree 770

In 1966, Nicolae Ceaușescu's regime enacted Decree 770, aimed at boosting the country's declining birth rate. The decree severely restricted abortion and contraception, only allowing abortion on very strict medical or humanitarian grounds. This period saw a dramatic increase in birth rates initially, but also led to significant increases in infant mortality, maternal deaths, and illegal abortions.

Post-1989 Era

Following the Romanian Revolution in 1989, one of the new government's first actions was to repeal Decree 770, re-legalizing abortion on request. Since then, abortion has been available on request up to 14 weeks of pregnancy, with exceptions for medical reasons or pregnancies resulting from rape or incest extending beyond this period.

Legal Framework

The current legal framework in Romania allows for abortion on request up to 14 weeks of pregnancy. Beyond this term, abortions are permitted only for medical reasons or if the pregnancy is a result of rape, incest, or other serious crimes.

Access and Availability

While abortion is legal and theoretically accessible, various factors such as societal attitudes, religious beliefs, and the availability of services can affect actual access to abortion services. In some rural areas, access to abortion providers can be limited.

Societal Attitudes

Societal attitudes towards abortion in Romania are mixed and can vary significantly by region, age, and religious affiliation. The Orthodox Church, to which a majority of Romanians belong, generally opposes abortion except in cases where the mother's life is at risk. However, there is a broad spectrum of beliefs and attitudes among the population.

Health Implications

The period of restrictive abortion laws led to a significant increase in maternal mortality and morbidity due to unsafe, illegal abortions. Since the legalization of abortion in 1989, the rates of maternal deaths and complications have decreased dramatically.

Current Challenges

Despite the legal status of abortion, Romania faces ongoing challenges related to reproductive health services, including access to modern contraception, comprehensive sex education, and the stigmatization of abortion.

See Also

• History of Romania
• Reproductive rights
• Women's health

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