Abrasion (medical)

Abrasion (Medical)

Close-up of a skin abrasion.

A medical abrasion pertains to a wound where the skin's superficial layer, the epidermis, has been scraped or rubbed away. These injuries, while generally deemed minor, can be painful due to the exposure of nerve endings in the affected area. Abrasions result from various causes, ranging from accidental friction against rough surfaces to minor blunt trauma.

Causes and Mechanism

Abrasions are frequently the consequence of:

• Friction: Often seen when a person slides or skids across a rough surface, such as during a fall.
• Blunt Trauma: A direct blow that doesn't break the skin but causes a scrape.
• Contact with Rough Surfaces: Examples include rubbing against coarse fabric or brushes.
• Accidents: Including minor mishaps during sports, or everyday activities like gardening.

Abrasions are common outcomes of falls on rough surfaces.

Characteristics

• Superficial Damage: Abrasions typically involve only the outermost layer of the skin, the epidermis. In deeper abrasions, the second layer, the dermis, may also be affected.
• Reddish Appearance: Due to the damage and exposure of small blood vessels.
• Pain: The wound may be sensitive or sting, especially when touched or exposed to air, as superficial nerve endings are exposed.

Treatment and Care

While abrasions are generally not severe, proper care can expedite healing and reduce the risk of complications:

• Cleaning: Gently cleanse the area with mild soap and water to remove debris and prevent infection.
• Topical Antibiotics: Applying a thin layer can help prevent bacterial infections.
• Moisturizing: Keeping the wound moist can promote faster healing. Suitable ointments or creams can be used.
• Dressing: Covering the abrasion with a sterile bandage protects it from further injury and contaminants.
• Pain Management: Over-the-counter pain relievers can help manage discomfort.

Complications

While rare for abrasions, potential complications include:

• Infection: Marked by increased redness, swelling, pus, or a foul odor from the wound.
• Scarring: Especially if the dermis has been affected.
• Tetanus: If the abrasion was caused by a contaminated object, there's a risk of tetanus, a serious bacterial infection.

For signs of these complications, one should seek medical attention.

See Also

• Contusion
• Laceration
• Skin Anatomy
• First Aid Procedures

References

• Skin Abrasions and Their Treatment. Healthline. [1].
• Wounds and the Skin: An Overview. WebMD. [2].

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