Absence epilepsy

Absence epilepsy is a type of epilepsy that is characterized by brief, sudden lapses of consciousness. These are often referred to as "absence seizures" or "petit mal seizures." Absence epilepsy is most commonly diagnosed in children, particularly those between the ages of 4 and 14.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of absence epilepsy is the occurrence of absence seizures. These seizures are typically very brief, lasting only a few seconds. During a seizure, the individual may appear to be staring into space or daydreaming. They may not respond to external stimuli, and they may stop speaking or moving. Following the seizure, the individual typically resumes their previous activity without any memory of the seizure.

Other symptoms may include subtle body movements during the seizure, such as blinking or lip smacking, and a decrease in learning ability due to the frequent interruptions in consciousness.

Causes

The exact cause of absence epilepsy is unknown. However, it is believed to be primarily genetic in nature. Certain genetic mutations have been associated with an increased risk of developing absence epilepsy.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of absence epilepsy is typically made through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and electroencephalogram (EEG). The EEG can detect the characteristic pattern of electrical activity in the brain that is associated with absence seizures.

Treatment

Treatment for absence epilepsy primarily involves the use of anti-seizure medications. These medications can significantly reduce the frequency of seizures in most individuals. In some cases, a ketogenic diet may also be recommended.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with absence epilepsy is generally good. Most children with absence epilepsy will outgrow the condition by adolescence. However, some may continue to experience seizures into adulthood, or may develop other types of seizures.

See also

• Epilepsy
• Seizure
• Genetic mutation
• Electroencephalogram
• Ketogenic diet