Absolute monarchy

Absolute Monarchy is a form of monarchy where the monarch holds supreme autocratic authority, principally not being restricted by written laws, legislature, or customs. These are often hereditary monarchies. In contrast, in constitutional monarchies, the head of state's authority derives from or is legally bound or restricted by a constitution or legislature.

Some monarchies have weak or symbolic legislatures and other governmental bodies that the monarch can alter or dissolve at will. Countries where monarchs still maintain absolute power are: Brunei, Eswatini, Oman, Saudi Arabia, and the Vatican City.

History

Absolute monarchy is a historical category of monarchy in which the monarch wields unrestricted political power over the sovereign state and its people. The concept of absolute monarchy arose in the early modern period, which was characterized by the rise of nation-state structures, the institutionalization of secularization, and the development of national languages.

Characteristics

In an absolute monarchy, the monarch rules as an autocrat, with absolute power over the state and government—for example, the right to rule by decree, promulgate laws, and impose punishments. Absolute monarchies are not necessarily authoritarian or despotic; the enlightened absolute monarchs of the Enlightenment were known for their benevolent rule.

Criticism and Support

Absolute monarchy has been criticized for concentration of power in the hands of one person, lack of accountability, susceptibility to bad rulers, and potential for abuse of power. Supporters argue that it provides stability, continuity, and unity, reduces political infighting, allows for efficient decision making, and is able to respond quickly to crises.

See Also

• Constitutional monarchy
• Dictatorship
• Theocracy
• Autocracy