Acetone peroxide

Acetone peroxide

Acetone peroxide is a primary high explosive compound that is notable for its ease of production and the instability of its most common forms. It is a white crystalline powder with a distinctive bleach-like odor and can explode if subjected to heat, friction, or shock. The compound is synthesized through the reaction of acetone and hydrogen peroxide, in the presence of an acid catalyst. Acetone peroxide exists in several polymorphic forms, with triacetone triperoxide (TATP) and diacetone diperoxide (DADP) being the most common.

Synthesis

The synthesis of acetone peroxide involves mixing acetone with hydrogen peroxide, typically in a 1:1 ratio, in the presence of a strong acid, such as sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid, which acts as a catalyst. The reaction is highly exothermic and can be dangerous, producing a mixture of different peroxide compounds, including TATP and DADP. The specific conditions, such as temperature, concentration of reactants, and the type of acid used, can influence the yield and the form of acetone peroxide produced.

Properties

Acetone peroxide is known for its high volatility and sensitivity to heat, shock, and friction, making it extremely dangerous to handle. TATP, the most common form of acetone peroxide, is particularly sensitive and has been involved in numerous accidental explosions. Despite its instability, acetone peroxide has a relatively high detonation velocity and can be initiated without a booster.

Uses

Due to its high explosive power and ease of synthesis from readily available household chemicals, acetone peroxide has been used in improvised explosive devices (IEDs) by various groups and individuals. However, its instability and the risk of accidental detonation make it less desirable compared to other explosives. In the laboratory, acetone peroxide has been used in small quantities for educational demonstrations of peroxide-based explosives.

Safety

Handling acetone peroxide requires extreme caution. It is sensitive to mechanical shock, heat, and friction, which can trigger detonation. Storage of acetone peroxide is highly discouraged due to its instability and the risk of accidental explosion. Safety measures include working with small quantities, avoiding any form of shock or friction, and using protective equipment.

Legal Status

The possession and manufacture of acetone peroxide are regulated in many countries due to its potential use in creating explosive devices. Laws vary by country, but individuals found producing or possessing acetone peroxide without proper authorization can face legal penalties.