Acinar cell

Acinar cell is a type of cell that is found in various glands throughout the body. These cells are responsible for the production and secretion of enzymes that are used in the digestion of food. They are most commonly found in the pancreas, where they produce digestive enzymes, and in the salivary glands, where they produce saliva.

Structure

Acinar cells are typically pyramid-shaped and are arranged in clusters, or acini, around a central lumen. The base of the cell is located at the periphery of the acinus and contains the nucleus, while the apex of the cell is directed towards the lumen and contains the secretory granules.

Function

The primary function of acinar cells is the production and secretion of enzymes. In the pancreas, these enzymes include amylase, which breaks down carbohydrates; lipase, which breaks down fats; and protease, which breaks down proteins. These enzymes are stored in secretory granules at the apex of the cell until they are needed, at which point they are released into the lumen and then into the digestive tract.

In the salivary glands, acinar cells produce saliva, which contains enzymes that begin the process of digestion in the mouth. Saliva also helps to lubricate the mouth and throat, making it easier to swallow food.

Clinical significance

Abnormalities in acinar cells can lead to a number of health problems. For example, damage to the acinar cells in the pancreas can result in pancreatitis, a condition characterized by inflammation of the pancreas. In severe cases, this can lead to the destruction of the pancreas, resulting in diabetes.

Acinar cell carcinoma is a rare type of cancer that originates in the acinar cells of the pancreas. This type of cancer is often aggressive and difficult to treat.

See also

• Exocrine gland
• Endocrine gland
• Pancreas
• Salivary gland

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