Acinar cells

Acinar cells are specialized exocrine gland cells that are primarily responsible for the production and secretion of enzymes and other substances. These cells are found in various organs of the body, including the pancreas, salivary glands, and mammary glands.

Structure

Acinar cells are typically pyramid-shaped and are arranged in clusters, or acini, around a central lumen. The apical portion of the cell, which faces the lumen, contains numerous secretory granules filled with enzymes or other substances ready for secretion. The basal portion of the cell, which faces away from the lumen, contains the nucleus and is rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum, reflecting the cell's high protein synthesis activity.

Function

The primary function of acinar cells is to produce and secrete substances needed for various bodily functions. The specific substances produced depend on the location of the acinar cells in the body.

Pancreatic acinar cells

In the pancreas, acinar cells produce and secrete digestive enzymes that are delivered to the small intestine to aid in the digestion of food. These enzymes include amylase, which breaks down carbohydrates; lipase, which breaks down fats; and protease, which breaks down proteins.

Salivary gland acinar cells

In the salivary glands, acinar cells produce and secrete saliva, which contains enzymes that begin the digestion process in the mouth, as well as other substances that help to lubricate and protect the oral cavity.

Mammary gland acinar cells

In the mammary glands, acinar cells produce and secrete milk, which provides nutrition for newborns.

Clinical significance

Abnormalities in acinar cells can lead to various health conditions. For example, pancreatitis is often caused by the inappropriate activation of digestive enzymes within the pancreatic acinar cells, leading to damage and inflammation of the pancreas. In addition, acinar cell carcinoma is a rare type of cancer that can occur in the pancreas or salivary glands.

See also

• Exocrine gland
• Pancreas
• Salivary gland
• Mammary gland