Acneiform

1. Acneiform

Acneiform eruptions are a group of skin conditions that resemble acne vulgaris. These conditions are characterized by the presence of papules, pustules, and nodules, which are similar to those found in acne. However, acneiform eruptions can be caused by a variety of factors, including medications, infections, and systemic diseases.

Causes

Acneiform eruptions can be triggered by several factors:

• **Medications**: Certain drugs can induce acneiform eruptions. These include corticosteroids, lithium, isoniazid, and some anticonvulsants. Drug-induced acne is often monomorphic, meaning the lesions are of a similar size and shape.

• **Infections**: Bacterial infections, such as those caused by Staphylococcus aureus, can lead to acneiform eruptions. Viral infections, such as those caused by the molluscum contagiosum virus, can also present with acne-like lesions.

• **Systemic Diseases**: Conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and Cushing's syndrome can cause acneiform eruptions due to hormonal imbalances.

• **Environmental Factors**: Exposure to certain chemicals or oils can lead to acneiform eruptions. This is often seen in occupational settings where individuals are exposed to halogenated hydrocarbons.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of acneiform eruptions involves a thorough clinical examination and patient history. Dermatologists may perform a skin biopsy to differentiate between acne vulgaris and other acneiform conditions. Laboratory tests may be conducted to identify underlying systemic diseases or infections.

Treatment

Treatment of acneiform eruptions depends on the underlying cause:

• **Medication Adjustment**: If a drug is causing the eruption, discontinuation or substitution of the medication may be necessary.

• **Topical and Oral Treatments**: Similar to acne vulgaris, topical retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, and antibiotics may be used. Oral antibiotics or isotretinoin may be prescribed for severe cases.

• **Addressing Underlying Conditions**: Treating the underlying systemic disease or infection can resolve the acneiform eruption.

Prognosis

The prognosis for acneiform eruptions varies depending on the cause. Drug-induced eruptions often resolve after discontinuation of the offending agent. Infections and systemic diseases require appropriate treatment for resolution.

Also see

• Acne vulgaris
• Rosacea
• Folliculitis
• Dermatology

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