Glossary of dermatology

The field of dermatology encompasses the study, diagnosis, and treatment of skin disorders and diseases. With the skin being the largest and one of the most complex organs of the human body, dermatology integrates a vast range of conditions and treatments. This glossary serves as a comprehensive guide to terminology commonly used in dermatology, offering insights into conditions, treatments, procedures, and general skin care. Whether you're a medical professional, student, or someone interested in skin health, this glossary provides valuable information on the language of dermatology.

Dermatological laser

Dermatology - The Noun Project

Firm red skin lump

HFMD soft palete oropharynx

Hypomelanose maculeuse confluente

Inherited syphilis

Pie chart of incidence and malignancy of pigmented skin lesions

Pityriasis rosea-1

Pityriasis rosea-4

Pversi

Relative incidence of cutaneous cysts

Scar

Severerash

Skin

Skin

Stephen I. Katz (1941-2017) (45482890045)

Glossary of dermatology

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A

• Abscess - A localized collection of pus within the tissues of the body, often caused by an infection.

• Aburatorigami - Traditional Japanese facial oil blotting paper, used to remove excess oil without disturbing makeup.

• Acantholysis - The loss of intercellular connections resulting in the separation of keratinocytes, seen in diseases like pemphigus vulgaris.

• Acanthoma fissuratum - A benign skin condition resulting from the chronic irritation at pressure points or in skin folds, often due to poorly fitting eyeglasses.

• Acne - A skin condition characterized by the presence of comedones, papules, and sometimes cysts, caused by overproduction of oil and clogged hair follicles.

• Acrodermatitis - An inflammation of the skin of the hands or feet, often presenting as reddening, swelling, and in some cases, blistering.

• Acropustulosis - A rare skin disorder marked by the eruption of itchy pustules on the palms and soles.

• Acrospiroma - A tumor originating from the sweat glands, typically benign and found on the scalp, face, or neck.

• Actinic keratosis - Pre-cancerous patches of thick, scaly, or crusty skin caused by damage from exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

• Ahava - A cosmetic brand known for using mineral-rich mud from the Dead Sea in its skincare products.

• Alloknesis - A condition characterized by itching produced by normally innocuous stimuli like light touch.

• Allopurinol - A medication primarily used to lower uric acid levels and prevent gout, but also has applications in dermatology for conditions like chronic gouty skin lesions.

• Aluminium triacetate - Used in topical medications to relieve minor skin irritations and to accelerate wound healing.

• Amelanism - A lack of melanin, which can result in conditions such as albinism where there is little to no color in the skin, hair, and eyes.

• Ampiroxicam - A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat pain and inflammation, including conditions affecting the skin.

• Angiofibroma - Benign small vascular nodules on the skin, often associated with genetic conditions like tuberous sclerosis.

• Anti-aging product - Skincare products designed to reduce or prevent the appearance of signs of skin aging, such as wrinkles and loss of skin elasticity.

• Anti-aging supplements - Oral supplements marketed with claims of improving skin appearance by reducing wrinkles or improving skin hydration and elasticity.

• Apparent leukonychia - The appearance of white spots or lines on the nails, often due to minor injuries.

• Aqueous cream - A non-greasy moisturizer used to treat dry skin conditions; can also be used as a soap substitute.

• Araroba powder - A natural powder used for its antifungal properties, particularly in the treatment of skin diseases.

• Asboe-Hansen sign - Spreading of a blister to adjacent unblistered skin when pressure is applied, indicative of certain bullous skin diseases.

• Atrophoderma - A condition involving skin thinning without significant loss of skin components.

• Atypia - Cellular irregularity that may be indicative of pre-cancerous or cancerous changes in skin biopsies.

• Auspitz's sign - Pinpoint bleeding when scales are scraped off a psoriatic plaque, indicative of psoriasis.

• Autoeczematization - A phenomenon where eczema spreads to areas of the body not originally affected, possibly due to an immune response.

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B

• BB cream - "Blemish Balm" or "Beauty Balm," a cosmetic item that combines the functions of serum, moisturizer, primer, sunscreen, and foundation.

• BPAg1 - Bullous Pemphigoid Antigen 1, a protein targeted in the autoimmune skin disorder bullous pemphigoid.

• Baboon syndrome - A distinctive pattern of erythema concentrated in the buttocks area, resembling the red buttocks of some baboon species, usually as a systemic reaction to a drug.

• Baby oil - A mineral oil-based product used for moisturizing the skin.

• Baby powder - A powder used for preventing diaper rash and for absorbing moisture, traditionally made from talcum powder or cornstarch.

• Baker's itch - A term historically used to describe dermatitis experienced by bakers due to irritation or allergy to flour or yeast.

• Balanitis circinata - A manifestation of reactive arthritis with painless, annular lesions on the glans penis.

• Barbiturate - A class of drugs used for their sedative, hypnotic, and antiseizure properties, with some having dermatological side effects like drug rashes.

• Barrier cream - Creams designed to protect the skin from irritants and prevent dermatitis in occupations involving frequent hand washing or exposure to chemicals.

• Bart–Pumphrey syndrome - A rare genetic disorder characterized by deafness, leukonychia, knuckle pads, and palmoplantar keratoderma.

• Bath salts - Commercially prepared mixtures added to bath water to improve cleaning, enhance the enjoyment of bathing, and for their skin-softening properties.

• Bayankala (skincare) - A skincare brand or ingredient drawing from traditional Chinese medicine, known for natural healing properties.

• Beauty.AI - Projects or applications utilizing artificial intelligence to analyze and recommend beauty treatments or skincare routines.

• Beautycounter - A brand known for its commitment to providing skincare and beauty products without harmful chemicals.

• Becaplermin - A recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor used as a topical gel to promote healing of diabetic foot ulcers.

• Benno Chajes - A notable figure in the history of dermatology, contributing to the field with research and clinical work.

• Berta Ottenstein - A pioneer in dermatology known for her contributions to the understanding and treatment of skin diseases.

• Birch triterpenes - Compounds extracted from birch trees with potential anti-inflammatory and skin healing properties.

• Blanch (medical) - A test in dermatology to apply pressure to assess the nature of a rash or lesion, observing whether it lightens (blanches) or retains its color.

• Blepharoplasty - A surgical procedure to correct defects, deformities, and disfigurations of the eyelids; also known as an eyelid lift.

• Borak (cosmetic) - A historical cosmetic preparation used for skin care, often with cleansing and brightening properties.

• Borsari's sign - A clinical sign used in dermatology to identify areas of skin affected by certain dermatological conditions.

• Braverman's sign - A diagnostic sign observed in specific skin diseases, indicating the presence of underlying conditions.

• Breslow's depth - A prognostic factor in melanoma, measuring the depth of tumor invasion.

• Brill–Zinsser disease - A recurrence of epidemic typhus long after the initial infection, which can present with a rash among other symptoms.

• Bruise - Discoloration of the skin resulting from trauma, causing bleeding beneath the skin without breaking the skin surface.

• Bupropion - An antidepressant medication that may have dermatological side effects such as rashes or hypersensitivity reactions.

• Burow's solution - An astringent solution used for its soothing and anti-inflammatory properties in various skin conditions.

• Burt's Bees - A personal care brand known for its natural ingredients and products focusing on skincare and lip care.

• Butcher's wart - A common wart (verruca vulgaris) found typically on the hands of butchers, caused by certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV).

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C

• C-Beauty - "Chinese Beauty," referring to skincare and cosmetic trends or products originating from China, often emphasizing traditional ingredients.

• CBI Laboratories - A company specializing in the development and manufacturing of skincare and cosmetic products.

• CC cream - "Color Control" or "Color Correcting" cream, a cosmetic product that offers sun protection, along with coverage and skincare benefits.

• CEDNIK syndrome - A rare genetic disorder characterized by cerebral dysgenesis, neuropathy, ichthyosis, and keratoderma.

• Calamine - A medication used to treat mild itchiness, including sunburn, eczema, rashes, poison ivy, chickenpox, insect bites and stings.

• Callus shaver - A tool used to remove calluses and dead skin, often from the feet, to improve skin texture and appearance.

• Calmurid - A brand of moisturizing cream or lotion, often containing urea and lactic acid, used to treat dry and scaly skin conditions.

• Cantharidin - A substance derived from the blister beetle used in dermatology to treat warts and molluscum contagiosum by causing blistering.

• Carbamazepine - An anticonvulsant drug that may have dermatological side effects, including rash and Stevens-Johnson syndrome.

• Casal collar - A distinctive dermatological feature seen in pellagra, characterized by a rash around the neck resembling a necklace.

• Cativa Natureza - A skincare and beauty brand focusing on natural and organic products, often emphasizing eco-friendly practices.

• Caudalie - A French skincare brand known for products containing grape-derived polyphenols, resveratrol, and viniferine for anti-aging benefits.

• Cefixime - An antibiotic that may be used in the treatment of skin infections caused by bacteria, such as impetigo or cellulitis.

• CellResearch Corporation - A biotechnology company involved in the development of treatments and products based on stem cell technology for skin regeneration and repair.

• Cellular angiofibroma - A benign tumor composed of fibrous tissue and blood vessels, often occurring in the skin or subcutaneous tissue.

• Centurion syndrome - A condition characterized by multiple cutaneous nevi, often with a symmetrical distribution on the body.

• ChapStick - A brand of lip balm used to prevent and heal chapped lips, containing moisturizing ingredients such as camphor, beeswax, menthol, petrolatum, phenol, vitamin E, and aloe.

• Chemical peel - A dermatological procedure that uses a chemical solution to improve and smooth the texture of the facial skin by removing its damaged outer layers.

• Chromonychia - A condition where the color of the nail plate changes, which can be due to a variety of causes including fungal infections, trauma, or systemic diseases.

• Ciprofloxacin - An antibiotic that can be used to treat skin infections caused by susceptible bacteria, including cellulitis and infected ulcers.

• Clarisonic - A brand of skincare tools, particularly known for its electric facial cleansing brushes designed to clean skin more effectively than with hand washing alone.

• Clark's level - A system used to describe the depth of penetration of melanoma in the skin, helping to determine the stage of the cancer.

• Cleanser - A skincare product used to remove make-up, dead skin cells, oil, dirt, and other types of pollutants from the skin, helping to keep pores clear and prevent skin conditions such as acne.

• Clearasil - A brand of skincare and acne medication which includes over-the-counter topical creams, pads, and washes to treat and prevent acne.

• Clindamycin/benzoyl peroxide - A combination medication used to treat acne, combining an antibiotic with a peeling agent and bacteriostatic.

• Comedo - A clogged hair follicle (pore) in the skin, which can lead to acne. Open comedones are blackheads; closed comedones are whiteheads.

• Comedo extraction - The process of clearing a clogged or compacted pore by manual or mechanical means.

• Concealer - A type of cosmetic that is used to mask dark circles, age spots, large pores, and other small blemishes visible on the skin.

• Contact stomatitis - Inflammation of the mucous lining of the mouth, which may be caused by allergic reaction to ingredients in dental products, foods, or other substances.

• Cortex (hair) - The middle layer of the hair shaft which provides strength, color, and texture to the hair.

• Corticosteroid-induced lipodystrophy - A condition characterized by loss of fat tissue, particularly in the face, causing changes in appearance. It can occur with systemic or topical use of corticosteroids.

• Cosmetic pharmacology - The branch of pharmacology that focuses on drugs and treatments designed to enhance appearance rather than treat disease.

• Cosmetics - Substances or products used to enhance or alter the appearance of the face or fragrance and texture of the body. Many cosmetics are designed for use on the face and hair.

• Cover FX - A brand of cosmetics and skincare products known for offering a wide range of shades for foundation, concealer, and other makeup products to match various skin tones.

• Crilanomer - A synthetic polymer used in cosmetic and skincare products for its ability to absorb oil and reduce shine on the skin.

• Cristtee - A hypothetical or lesser-known product or brand related to dermatology or skincare, possibly focusing on natural or organic ingredients.

• Crocodile oil - Oil derived from crocodile fat, traditionally used in some cultures for its purported skin healing and moisturizing properties.

• Crowe sign - A clinical sign indicative of neurofibromatosis, characterized by axillary or inguinal freckling.

• Cucumber juice - Used in skincare for its hydrating, astringent, and soothing properties, often found in facial treatments and masks.

• Cutaneous amoebiasis - A rare skin infection caused by amoebae, typically occurring when the parasites invade broken skin or mucosa.

• Cutaneous anthrax - A form of anthrax infection that occurs when the bacterium Bacillus anthracis enters a cut or abrasion on the skin. It is the most common form of anthrax infection and is also the least dangerous.

• Cuticle (hair) - The outermost layer of the hair shaft, composed of overlapping scales, that protects the hair and contributes to its shine.

• Cyst - A closed sac in the body or under the skin that contains fluid, semi-fluid, or gaseous material. Cysts in the skin are often caused by clogged sebaceous glands or infections.

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D

• DEBRA - Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa Research Association, a charity dedicated to funding research and providing support for individuals and families affected by Epidermolysis Bullosa (EB).

• Darier's sign - The appearance of urticarial lesions after stroking the skin, seen in patients with systemic mastocytosis or urticaria pigmentosa.

• David Gruby - A pioneer in dermatology and mycology, known for his research on fungal diseases of the skin.

• DeSanctis–Cacchione syndrome - A rare genetic disorder characterized by photosensitivity, intellectual disability, and various skin abnormalities, including xeroderma pigmentosum.

• Delayed blister - A blister that forms some time after initial trauma or exposure to an irritant, rather than immediately.

• Delgocitinib - A topical medication used in the treatment of dermatological conditions, particularly for its anti-inflammatory properties.

• Depigmentation - The loss of pigment from the skin, resulting in white patches. This can occur as a result of conditions such as vitiligo or as a side effect of certain treatments.

• Derm101 - An educational resource or platform providing information, articles, and visual aids related to dermatology and skin health.

• DermAtlas - An online dermatology image atlas or database designed to aid in the visual diagnosis of various skin conditions and diseases.

• DermNet - A comprehensive online resource providing detailed information, images, and guidance on a wide range of skin diseases and conditions.

• Dermabrasion - A dermatological procedure that uses a rotating instrument to sand the outer layers of skin, often used to improve the appearance of acne scars, pox marks, and scars from accidents or disease.

• Dermal bone - Bone that forms in the skin, such as the plates in the skull or scales in fish; not typically a term directly related to human dermatology.

• Dermalogica - A professional-grade brand of skincare products, known for its focus on skin health and personalized skincare regimens.

• Dermaordinologie - A speculative or niche field within dermatology, possibly focusing on specific diagnostic techniques or treatment methodologies.

• Dermatoglyphics - The study of the patterns of ridges on the skin of the fingers, palms, toes, and soles, often used in genetic research and forensic identification.

• Dermatologic Clinics - A peer-reviewed medical journal that publishes reviews on various aspects of dermatology, including clinical practices and research developments.

• Dermatology - The branch of medicine dealing with the skin, nails, hair, and their diseases. Dermatologists are medical specialists trained to diagnose and treat a wide range of skin conditions.

• Dermatology (journal) - A scientific and medical journal that publishes research, review articles, and clinical studies in the field of dermatology.

• Dermatome (instrument) - A surgical instrument used to cut thin slices of skin for grafting or to remove small areas of diseased or damaged skin.

• Dermatomycosis - Fungal infections of the skin, caused by dermatophytes, yeasts, or other fungi, resulting in conditions such as athlete's foot, jock itch, and ringworm.

• Dermatopathic lymphadenopathy - Enlargement of lymph nodes caused by a reaction to a skin disease, such as psoriasis or dermatitis, characterized by the presence of specific cells in the lymph nodes.

• Dermatoscopy - A non-invasive diagnostic tool that allows for the examination of skin lesions with the aid of magnification and illumination, improving the accuracy of diagnoses such as melanoma.

• Dermatosis - A broad term for any skin condition or disease, without implying inflammation or a known cause.

• Dermatotoxin - Substances that cause damage to the skin, which can be chemical, biological, or physical in nature, leading to conditions such as contact dermatitis.

• Dermoepidermal junction - The interface between the dermis and epidermis layers of the skin, playing a crucial role in the structural integrity and function of the skin.

• Desmond Tobin - A renowned researcher and academic in the field of dermatology, known for his work on the biology of human hair growth and pigmentation.

• Desquamation - The shedding or peeling of the outer layers of the skin, which can occur naturally or be induced by certain skin conditions or treatments.

• Destination spa - A resort or facility offering a variety of health and wellness treatments, including skincare, massages, and beauty services, focused on enhancing guests' physical and mental well-being.

• Dextranomer - A synthetic polymer used in wound care products and dressings to absorb exudates and promote healing of skin lesions and ulcers.

• Diascopy - A diagnostic technique in dermatology where pressure is applied to the skin to observe changes in color, helping to differentiate between various types of skin lesions and rashes.

• Diclofenac - A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is sometimes used in topical formulations to treat actinic keratosis and relieve pain from certain skin conditions.

• Dimple sign - A clinical sign observed when pinching the skin leads to the formation of a dimple, often seen in conditions like dermatofibroma.

• Diphenylcyclopropenone - A chemical compound used in immunotherapy for the treatment of warts, alopecia areata, and other conditions by inducing an allergic contact dermatitis to stimulate the immune response.

• Diprobase - A brand of emollient creams and lotions used to moisturize and protect dry or irritated skin, commonly prescribed for conditions like eczema and psoriasis.

• Dixanthogen disulfide - A chemical compound possibly used in dermatological research or treatments, though not widely recognized in mainstream dermatology practice.

• Dolichonychia - Abnormally long nails, which can be a congenital condition or arise from certain medical conditions or nutritional deficiencies.

• Dr. Hauschka - A brand of natural skincare products, known for using biodynamic and organic ingredients, following a holistic approach to skin health.

• Dr. Jart+ - A South Korean skincare brand known for its innovative and effective products, including BB creams and sheet masks, combining science and art in skincare.

• Droxicam - A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that may be used to relieve pain and inflammation in musculoskeletal conditions, with limited specific applications in dermatology.

• Drunk Elephant - A skincare brand known for its commitment to clean beauty, avoiding the use of what it terms the "Suspicious 6" (essential oils, drying alcohols, silicones, chemical screens, fragrance/dyes, and SLS) in its products.

• Dyskeratosis - Abnormal keratinization occurring prematurely within individual cells or groups of cells below the stratum corneum.

• EOS (company) - Known for its distinctive sphere-shaped lip balms, EOS (Evolution of Smooth) offers a variety of skincare and beauty products formulated with natural ingredients.

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E

• Eccrine mucinosis - A rare dermatologic condition characterized by the accumulation of mucin within eccrine sweat glands, leading to clinical presentations such as hypohidrosis (reduced ability to sweat).

• Edmund Klein - A prominent figure in dermatology known for his contributions to the development of treatments for various skin cancers and diseases.

• Edmund Lesser - A pioneering dermatologist known for his research and advancements in understanding and treating skin diseases in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

• Egg oil - Traditionally used in some cultures for its purported skin care benefits, including moisturizing properties and the promotion of wound healing.

• Electrotherapy (cosmetic) - The use of electrical energy for facial and body treatments to improve skin health, enhance muscle tone, and reduce the appearance of wrinkles.

• Electrotrichogenesis - The stimulation of hair growth by applying low-level electric currents to the scalp, a method explored for treating conditions like alopecia.

• Emil Meirowsky - A dermatologist known for his contributions to the field, particularly in understanding the immunology and pathology of skin diseases.

• Emma Guttman-Yassky - A dermatologist and researcher recognized for her work on the pathogenesis and treatment of chronic skin conditions such as atopic dermatitis.

• Enoxolone - An anti-inflammatory compound derived from licorice root, used in some topical treatments for conditions like eczema and psoriasis.

• Epaderm - An emollient used for treating dry skin conditions such as eczema and psoriasis, formulated to moisturize and protect the skin barrier.

• EpiCeram - A prescription barrier repair cream designed to treat atopic dermatitis by restoring the skin's lipid barrier.

• Epilogic - Potentially a brand or product line related to dermatology, focusing on advanced skin care solutions or treatments, though not widely recognized.

• Erich Urbach - A dermatologist known for his work in the early 20th century, particularly in the study of cutaneous and metabolic disorders.

• Ernő László - A Hungarian dermatologist who founded a luxury skincare and cosmetics brand, known for his innovative treatments and celebrity clientele.

• Erythema - Redness of the skin caused by increased blood flow to the capillaries in the skin, often a sign of inflammation or infection.

• Erythrism - An abnormal redness of the skin or hair, which can be congenital or acquired, and is often a result of excessive blood flow or the presence of certain pigments.

• Eschar - A slough or piece of dead tissue that is cast off from the surface of the skin, particularly after a burn injury, wound, or ulcer.

• Ethosuximide - An anticonvulsant medication used to treat epilepsy, with occasional applications in dermatology for conditions associated with nerve pain or discomfort.

• Etifoxine - A non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic drug that may have secondary uses in treating dermatological conditions associated with stress or anxiety.

• Evanescent (dermatology) - Describing skin rashes or lesions that appear briefly and then disappear, often seen in conditions like urticaria.

• Exanthem - A widespread rash usually occurring in children as a reaction to a viral infection, drugs, or vaccines.

• Excess skin - Skin that remains lax after significant weight loss or due to aging, which can be addressed with surgical procedures such as body contouring.

• Exfoliation (cosmetology) - The process of removing dead skin cells from the surface of the skin using physical scrubs or chemical peels to reveal fresher, smoother skin underneath.

• Exocytosis (dermatopathology) - The process by which cells release contents, such as inflammatory mediators, into the extracellular space, playing a role in various skin diseases.

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F

• Face powder - A cosmetic powder applied to the face to set a foundation, reduce shine, and give the skin a matte or slightly glowing appearance.

• Facial - A skin treatment that often includes steam, exfoliation, extraction, creams, lotions, facial masks, peels, and massage, performed in spas or dermatology clinics to improve skin health and appearance.

• Facial mask - A skincare treatment with various formulations to hydrate, remove excess oils, improve the appearance of pores, and remove impurities from the skin.

• Facial rejuvenation - Cosmetic treatments that aim to restore a youthful appearance to the face, including procedures like facelifts, fillers, botox, and laser treatments.

• Felix Lewandowsky - A dermatologist known for his research and contributions to understanding genetic skin diseases.

• Ferriman–Gallwey score - A method to quantify the degree of male pattern body hair growth in women, often used in the diagnosis of conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

• Film-forming agent - Chemicals used in cosmetics and skincare products to create a continuous film on the skin or hair, providing protection or enhancing appearance.

• First Derm - An online dermatology service or app that allows users to consult with dermatologists for skin concerns via smartphone or computer.

• Fitzpatrick scale - A numerical classification schema for human skin color, used to estimate the response of different types of skin to ultraviolet (UV) light and to categorize skin types in dermatological research.

• Fluocinolone/hydroquinone/tretinoin - A combination topical medication used to treat melasma, containing a corticosteroid, skin lightening agent, and retinoid to reduce inflammation, lighten skin, and increase skin cell turnover.

• Focal hyperhidrosis - Excessive sweating affecting specific areas of the body, such as the underarms, palms, or feet, often without an underlying medical condition.

• Fraxel - A brand of fractional laser treatment used in cosmetic dermatology to treat various skin issues, including wrinkles, sun damage, scars, and pigmentation, by promoting skin regeneration.

• Fredric Brandt - A renowned cosmetic dermatologist known for his work in minimally invasive cosmetic procedures and his skincare line.

• Freederm - A brand of skincare products, often targeting acne and other blemishes with formulations designed to clear and soothe the skin.

• Fungating lesion - A tumor that grows in an outward, mushroom-like pattern, typically seen in advanced stages of skin cancer or metastatic cancers reaching the skin.

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G

• Galderma - A global dermatology company specializing in research, development, and marketing of skincare, haircare, and cosmetic products.

• Garrod's pad - A callus or hardened skin formed on the back of the hand or fingers, often seen in individuals who engage in repetitive manual activities.

• Gelatin - A substance derived from collagen used in food products, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetic manufacturing, sometimes as a base for ointments or gels.

• Glabrousness - The condition of being free of hair, wool, or bristles on parts of the body where hair normally grows; smooth skin.

• Gold Bond - A brand of over-the-counter skincare products known for body powders and moisturizing lotions designed to soothe and relieve dry, irritated skin.

• Grenz rays - A form of radiation therapy using very low-energy x-rays, historically used in dermatology to treat certain skin diseases, though its use has declined due to concerns about long-term safety.

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H

• Hair analysis - The scientific examination of hair samples, which can reveal information about an individual's drug use, nutritional status, or exposure to toxins, and is sometimes used in forensic investigations.

• Hair cloning - An experimental technique aimed at treating baldness by cultivating new hair cells from a person's existing hair follicles and implanting them into bald areas.

• Hair disc - A specialized structure within the hair follicle responsible for the formation of hair shafts, crucial in the study of hair growth and hair disorders.

• Hair matrix - The rapidly dividing area of cells at the base of the hair follicle, responsible for producing the hair shaft and determining hair color.

• Hair removal - The deliberate removal of body hair using various methods, including shaving, waxing, laser hair removal, and electrolysis.

• Hamilton–Norwood scale - A classification system used to measure the extent of male pattern baldness.

• Hand sanitizer - A liquid or gel generally used to decrease infectious agents on the hands, formulated with ingredients like alcohol to sanitize the skin without the need for water.

• Hans Haustein - A dermatologist known for his contributions to the field, including research on sexually transmitted diseases and skin cancer.

• Harpist's finger - Calluses or skin changes that develop on the fingers of harp players due to repetitive pressure and friction from playing the instrument.

• Heinrich Auspitz - A dermatologist remembered for describing Auspitz's sign, a diagnostic feature of psoriasis involving pinpoint bleeding when scales are scraped away.

• Helena Rubinstein - A pioneering figure in the cosmetics industry, known for developing and marketing some of the first skincare and makeup products.

• Helioplex - A technology used in sunscreens to stabilize the sunscreen agents, providing broad-spectrum protection against both UVA and UVB rays.

• Hematidrosis - A rare medical condition in which a person sweats blood, possibly triggered by extreme stress or a disorder of the blood vessels.

• Herman Musaph - A dermatologist and psychiatrist known for his work on psychodermatology, exploring the link between skin diseases and emotional stress.

• Hickey - A bruise-like mark caused by sucking or kissing the skin forcefully, causing capillaries to break and bleed into the surrounding tissue.

• Hidradenocarcinoma - A rare malignant tumor originating from the sweat glands, often requiring surgical removal and further treatment.

• Hinokitiol - A natural monoterpenoid found in the wood of trees in the cypress family, with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, used in some skincare products.

• Hutchinson's sign - A clinical indicator of subungual melanoma, where pigment extends from the nail bed to the periungual skin.

• Huxley's layer - A layer of the hair follicle located between the inner and outer root sheaths, named after Thomas Henry Huxley.

• Hydradermabrasion - A skincare treatment combining hydration, exfoliation, and antioxidant protection simultaneously, resulting in clearer, more beautiful skin with no discomfort or downtime.

• Hydrocarbon keratosis - Skin lesions caused by prolonged exposure to certain hydrocarbons, which can lead to irritation and keratotic growths.

• Hydropic swell - Swelling of cells due to the accumulation of water, often seen in various dermatological conditions where cell damage leads to fluid retention.

• Hypergranulosis - Thickening of the granular layer of the epidermis, often seen in chronic dermatitis and other skin conditions.

• Hyperkeratinization - An increase in the keratin content of the skin or nails, leading to thickened skin or nail abnormalities, often associated with conditions like psoriasis or keratoderma.

• Hyperkeratosis - Thickening of the stratum corneum, often associated with a qualitative abnormality of the keratin, and seen in a variety of skin conditions.

• Hyperpigmentation - Darkening of an area of the skin caused by increased melanin production, which can result from various factors, including sun exposure, inflammation, or certain diseases.

• Hypnodermatology - The study and application of hypnosis in the treatment of skin conditions, based on the premise that the mind can influence skin health.

• Hypopigmentation - Light patches of skin resulting from reduced melanin production, which can be caused by skin damage, inflammation, or genetic conditions.

• Hyposensitivity - Decreased sensitivity of the skin to stimuli, which can be due to nerve damage or certain dermatological treatments.

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I

• Ibuprofen - A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) occasionally used to reduce inflammation and pain associated with certain skin conditions.

• Immunodermatology - A subspecialty of dermatology that focuses on the study of skin as an organ of immunity in health and disease.

• In'oya - A skincare brand or product line, possibly focusing on specific dermatological needs or concerns, not widely recognized in mainstream dermatology.

• Ingenol mebutate - A drug used topically to treat actinic keratosis, derived from the plant Euphorbia peplus, which works by inducing cell death and an immune response.

• Intertrigo - Inflammation of skin folds caused by skin-on-skin friction, warm, and moist conditions, leading to redness, itching, and infection.

• Irwin Freedberg - A distinguished dermatologist known for his research and leadership in the field of dermatology.

• Isotretinoin - A powerful medication used to treat severe acne that has not responded to other treatments, known for its ability to significantly reduce sebum production.

• Isoxicam - A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat rheumatic diseases, with occasional applications in dermatological conditions involving inflammation and pain.

• Italy towel - A textured fabric towel originating from Korea, used for physical exfoliation in baths and spas to remove dead skin cells.

• Iwan Bloch - A dermatologist known for his contributions to the field of sexology and his research on skin diseases.

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J-K-L

• JAMA Dermatology - A monthly peer-reviewed medical journal published by the American Medical Association, covering all aspects of dermatology.

• Janeway lesion - Nontender, macular, erythematous lesions found on the palms and soles, often associated with infective endocarditis, with potential dermatological implications.

• Jurlique - An Australian cosmetics company known for its natural skincare products, utilizing organic and biodynamic ingredients.

• K-Beauty - Korean Beauty, a term used to describe South Korean skincare and beauty products, known for their innovative ingredients and formulations.

• Kabuki brush - A makeup brush with a short stem and dense bristles, designed for the application of powder, bronzer, and blush in a buffing motion.

• Kamino bodies - Eosinophilic, globular, and homogeneous deposits seen in Spitz nevi, a type of melanocytic nevus.

• Karl Herxheimer - A dermatologist known for describing the Herxheimer reaction, a reaction to the treatment of syphilis and other diseases, characterized by fever, chills, headache, and skin rash.

• Keratolytic - A substance used to soften and remove the outer layer of the skin, often used in the treatment of conditions like psoriasis, warts, and calluses.

• Keratosis - A condition marked by an overgrowth of keratin on the skin or mucous membranes, leading to rough, scaly patches.

• Keri Lotion - A brand of moisturizing lotion designed to prevent and repair dry skin, providing long-lasting hydration.

• Kerr's sign - A clinical sign observed in dermatomyositis, characterized by a violaceous erythema over the knuckles with a perinuclear halo.

• Koebner phenomenon - The appearance of new skin lesions on previously unaffected skin, triggered by trauma or injury, seen in conditions like psoriasis and vitiligo.

• Koenen's tumor - Benign fibrous papules that develop at the nail folds, typically associated with tuberous sclerosis.

• Korres - A Greek skincare brand known for its use of natural ingredients and research-driven formulations.

• Kraissl's lines - Lines on the skin that correspond to the natural tension lines (Langer's lines), important in surgical incisions to minimize scarring.

• Lamina densa - A layer of the basement membrane located beneath the lamina lucida, providing structural support to the epidermis and dermis.

• Lamina lucida - A clear layer of the basement membrane zone that lies between the epidermis and the lamina densa, playing a role in anchoring the epidermis to the dermis.

• Lamotrigine - An anticonvulsant medication that can cause skin rashes and other dermatological side effects in some patients.

• Langer's lines - Natural tension lines in the skin, which are important in surgical incisions and wound closure to minimize scarring.

• Leser–Trélat sign - The sudden appearance of multiple seborrheic keratoses, often associated with an underlying malignancy, signaling a paraneoplastic syndrome.

• Leucism - A condition characterized by reduced pigmentation in animals, resulting in white, pale, or patchy coloration of the skin, hair, feathers, scales, or cuticle.

• Lichenoid eruption - A rash that has the clinical and histopathological features of lichen planus, involving inflamed, scaly lesions on the skin.

• Lick granuloma - A skin disorder in animals, particularly dogs, caused by excessive licking of a limb or area, leading to infection and chronic inflammation.

• Lip balm - A wax-like substance applied topically to the lips to moisturize and relieve chapped or dry lips, angular cheilitis, stomatitis, or cold sores.

• Liquid bandage - A topical adhesive used to protect minor cuts and scrapes, sealing out germs and forming a waterproof barrier over the wound.

• Livedo - A condition characterized by a mottled reddish-blue skin discoloration, often due to disturbances in blood flow or vascular abnormalities.

• Lornoxicam - A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat various painful conditions, with limited specific use in dermatology for conditions involving inflammation and pain.

• Lotion - A low-viscosity topical preparation intended for application to the skin to soothe, moisturize, or protect it.

• Ludwig Halberstädter - A dermatologist known for his work in the early development of radiation therapy for skin diseases.

• Ludwig scale - A scale that classifies the extent of female pattern hair loss, ranging from minimal thinning to extensive thinning over the top of the scalp.

• Lypsyl - A brand of lip balm that provides moisture and protection for the lips, often containing ingredients such as beeswax, shea butter, and vitamin E.

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M

• Maculopapular rash - A skin rash characterized by a flat, red area on the skin that is covered with small confluent bumps.

• Makeup brush - A tool with bristles, used for the application of makeup or face painting. Brushes may be made from natural or synthetic fibers and are available in various shapes and sizes to suit different makeup applications.

• Malar rash - A facial rash that extends over the bridge of the nose and onto the cheeks, forming a pattern reminiscent of a butterfly. Often associated with lupus erythematosus.

• Malpighian layer - The layer of the epidermis located between the stratum basale and the stratum granulosum, consisting of keratinocytes in various stages of differentiation.

• Manscaped - A brand offering grooming products and tools specifically designed for men, often focusing on body hair management.

• Mantoux test - A diagnostic tool for tuberculosis, involving the intradermal injection of purified protein derivative (PPD) and observing the reaction. Though not directly related to dermatology, skin reactions are pivotal for diagnosis.

• Martin Gumpert - A notable figure in the history of dermatology, known for his contributions to medical literature and understanding of skin diseases.

• Masonjoany - A paste made from ground sandalwood, used traditionally in some cultures for its fragrance and supposed skin benefits.

• Max Jessner - A dermatologist known for developing Jessner's solution, a chemical peel used to treat acne, melasma, and sun damage.

• Max Marcuse - A dermatologist who contributed to the field through research and writing, particularly on sexual health and skin diseases.

• Mederma - A topical product marketed for reducing the appearance of scars. It contains an onion extract and is used to improve scar texture, color, and overall appearance.

• Medulla (hair) - The innermost layer of the hair shaft, found only in thicker hairs. Its presence or absence is one of the features used to identify hair in forensic examinations.

• Melanism - Increased pigmentation of the skin or hair, often resulting from an excess of melanin, which can be congenital or acquired.

• Melanosis - A condition characterized by an abnormal deposit of melanin or melanin-like substances in the skin, leading to dark patches or spots.

• Metageria - A condition or term possibly related to premature aging or disorders affecting skin metabolism, though not widely recognized in dermatological literature.

• Metal allergy - Allergic contact dermatitis resulting from exposure to metals such as nickel, cobalt, or chromium, often manifesting as itchy, red, and blistered skin.

• Microvascular occlusion - Blockage of the small blood vessels in the skin, which can lead to various dermatological manifestations, including skin necrosis or ulcers.

• Modafinil - A stimulant medication used to treat sleep disorders such as narcolepsy. It has been associated with rare cases of serious skin reactions, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome.

• Moisturizer - A cosmetic preparation used for protecting, moisturizing, and lubricating the skin. Moisturizers are often used to treat dry, scaly, itchy skin and minor skin irritations.

• Molemax - A system or device used in dermatology for mole mapping and digital dermatoscopy, aiding in the early detection of melanoma and other skin cancers.

• Morbilliform - A term describing a measles-like rash of reddish maculopapular lesions, often associated with drug reactions or viral infections.

• Morgellons - A controversial and poorly understood condition characterized by crawling sensations on the skin, fatigue, and the presence of fibers or particles emerging from skin lesions.

• Moritz Kaposi - A dermatologist known for identifying Kaposi's sarcoma, a type of cancer that forms in the skin, lymph nodes, or other organs.

• Mukamel syndrome - A rare genetic disorder characterized by multiple congenital anomalies, including skin manifestations.

• Mulberry molar - A term used in dentistry to describe a molar tooth with multiple cusps and irregular formation, often associated with congenital syphilis. While primarily a dental term, it indicates systemic disease with dermatological significance.

• Mustard gas - A chemical warfare agent that causes severe, painful blistering and damage to the skin and mucous membranes upon exposure.

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N-O

• Nagayama's spots - Enanthem seen in the mucous membranes during measles, consisting of red papules with white centers.

• Neutrogena - A brand of skincare, haircare, and cosmetics products marketed as being formulated for sensitive skin and based on dermatological research.

• Nevirapine - An antiretroviral medication used to treat HIV/AIDS, which can cause serious skin reactions, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis.

• Nevus - A benign skin lesion that results from the overgrowth of melanocytes or other skin cells. Common types include moles, birthmarks, and hemangiomas.

• Nevus comedonicus - A rare type of epidermal nevus characterized by closely set, dilated follicular openings with keratin plugs resembling blackheads.

• Nicolau–Balus syndrome - A skin condition characterized by the appearance of livedoid dermatitis and atrophie blanche, often occurring after intramuscular injections.

• Nikolsky's sign - A clinical dermatological sign in which the top layers of the skin slip away from the lower layers when slightly rubbed, indicative of conditions such as pemphigus vulgaris and toxic epidermal necrolysis.

• Nodule (medicine) - A small, solid, or fluid-filled bump within the skin or deeper body tissues, which can be benign or malignant.

• Non-blanching rash - A rash that does not fade or change color when pressure is applied, often indicative of petechiae, purpura, or meningococcal infection.

• Nonthrombocytopenic purpura - Purpura without an associated decrease in platelet count, often resulting from vascular inflammation or damage.

• Noxzema - A brand of skincare products, including cleansers and creams, formulated to treat acne and soothe sunburn.

• Nystatin - An antifungal medication used to treat skin infections caused by Candida species, such as diaper rash, thrush, and cutaneous candidiasis.

• Olay - A brand of skincare products that includes cleansers, moisturizers, and treatments designed to improve skin health and appearance.

• Omphalolith - A stone-like mass or concretion formed in the umbilicus (belly button) due to the accumulation of sebum, keratin, and other debris.

• Origins (cosmetics) - A skincare brand known for its use of natural ingredients and formulations designed to address various skin concerns.

• Orthokeratosis - The formation of a compact stratum corneum (outermost layer of the skin) with cells that have no nuclei, seen in normal skin and certain skin disorders.

• Oseltamivir - An antiviral medication used to treat and prevent influenza, which has been associated with rare cases of skin reactions.

• Oskar Lassar - A dermatologist known for founding the first public baths in Germany and contributing to advancements in dermatological treatments.

• Oskar Simon - A dermatologist known for his research in dermatology and venereology, and for describing specific dermatological conditions.

• Otjize - A paste made of butterfat and ochre, traditionally used by the Himba people of Namibia to cleanse the skin and protect it from the harsh desert environment.

• Oxicam - A class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) used to relieve pain and inflammation. Specific dermatological applications are limited.

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P-Q

• PDC-APB - A speculative or proprietary compound or treatment in dermatology, potentially representing a novel therapeutic approach or molecule.

• Pagetoid - Describing cells or tissue growth patterns resembling Paget's disease, often seen in certain skin cancers where tumor cells infiltrate the epidermis in a manner similar to Paget's disease of the breast.

• Pallor - An unhealthy pale appearance, which can indicate anemia, shock, or serious illness, and may be assessed during dermatological examination for its underlying causes.

• Palmolive (brand) - A brand known for personal care products such as soaps and shampoos, which may be used for general hygiene but are not specifically dermatological treatments.

• Panniculus adiposus - The layer of fat immediately under the skin, playing a role in insulation and energy storage, and can be a focus in cosmetic and reconstructive procedures.

• Papillomatosis - The formation of multiple papillomas (benign epithelial tumors growing in nipple-like and often finger-like fronds), seen in conditions such as verruca vulgaris (common warts).

• Papule - A small, raised, solid pimple or swelling on the skin that does not produce pus, often seen in dermatological conditions like acne, eczema, and psoriasis.

• Papulopustular - Referring to a type of acne characterized by the presence of both papules and pustules on the skin.

• Papulosquamous disorder - A group of skin disorders characterized by the presence of papules and scales, including conditions such as psoriasis, lichen planus, and seborrheic dermatitis.

• Paracetamol - Also known as acetaminophen, a medication used to treat pain and fever. It is not directly used in dermatology but may be prescribed for symptomatic relief of painful dermatological conditions.

• Parakeratosis - A mode of keratinization characterized by the retention of nuclei in the stratum corneum. Seen in various skin diseases, indicating abnormal skin barrier function.

• Paraneoplastic keratoderma - A group of skin conditions that occur in patients with underlying malignancies, characterized by the rapid growth of thickened skin on the palms and soles.

• Pathergy - An abnormal skin reaction to minor trauma, such as needle pricks, seen in diseases like Behçet's disease, indicating an exaggerated immune response.

• Pearl powder - Ground powder made from freshwater pearls or saltwater pearls, used traditionally in Chinese medicine and cosmetics for its supposed skin benefits.

• Pechoin - A Chinese skincare brand known for its use of traditional herbal ingredients in products designed to improve skin health and appearance.

• Pediatric Dermatology - A subspecialty of dermatology focusing on the diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases in infants, children, and adolescents.

• Penile discharge - The release of fluid from the urethra of the penis, which can be a symptom of a sexually transmitted infection (STI) or other urinary tract issues, with implications for dermatological and genitourinary health.

• Periorbital puffiness - Swelling around the eyes, often due to fluid buildup or inflammation, which can be addressed with cosmetic or dermatological treatments.

• Phenytoin - An anticonvulsant medication that can cause dermatological side effects, including drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome, hirsutism, and gingival hyperplasia.

• Phisoderm - A brand of skincare products formulated to match the skin's natural pH and designed to treat and prevent acne and other skin conditions.

• Physical urticaria - A subgroup of urticaria (hives) triggered by physical stimuli such as pressure, cold, heat, exercise, or sun exposure, leading to transient wheals on the skin.

• Pimple - A small pustule or papule on the skin, commonly known as a spot or zit. Pimples are a symptom of acne, resulting from blocked skin pores due to oil and dead skin cells.

• Piroxicam - A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat arthritis-related pain and inflammation, with limited use in dermatology for inflammatory skin conditions.

• Pityriasis - A group of skin conditions characterized by the scaling or flaking of the skin, such as pityriasis rosea, pityriasis alba, and pityriasis versicolor.

• Poliosis - The loss of pigment in hair, resulting in white patches of hair on the scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes, or any other hairy area.

• Prausnitz–Küstner test - A historical diagnostic test for allergies, involving the injection of serum from an allergic individual into the skin of a non-allergic person, followed by exposure to the allergen. Rarely used today due to safety concerns.

• Proactiv - A brand of skincare products specifically designed to combat acne, including cleansers, toners, and treatment creams containing active ingredients such as benzoyl peroxide and salicylic acid.

• Prolactin-induced protein - A protein that may play a role in various physiological processes, including possibly influencing skin and hair health, though direct dermatological applications are limited.

• Psoralen - A compound used in combination with ultraviolet light therapy (PUVA) for treating psoriasis, eczema, vitiligo, and some types of lymphoma affecting the skin.

• Psoriasis - A chronic autoimmune condition that affects the skin, resulting in red, scaly, and often itchy patches, particularly on the elbows, knees, scalp, and back.

• Psychodermatology - An interdisciplinary field that addresses the impact of psychological factors on skin diseases and conditions, acknowledging the mind-skin connection in diagnosis and treatment.

• Purpura - A condition characterized by the appearance of purple spots on the skin, mucous membranes, or organs, caused by bleeding underneath the skin.

• Pyoderma - A bacterial infection of the skin, often presenting as pustules or abscesses, and requiring antibiotic treatment.

• Pyrilutamide - A compound or treatment with potential applications in dermatology, possibly focusing on conditions related to hormone imbalances or hair growth, though not widely recognized in mainstream literature.

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R

• Rash - A noticeable change in the texture or color of the skin, often due to inflammation or infection, which can be symptomatic of a wide range of conditions.

• Renbök phenomenon - A phenomenon where the presence of one autoimmune disease seems to protect against the development of another in the same tissue, observed in some dermatological conditions.

• Rete pegs - Extensions of the epidermis into the dermis, increasing the surface area for attachment and nutrient exchange, significant in the structural integrity of the skin.

• Roland Tomb - A figure or reference possibly related to dermatology or dermatological research, though not widely recognized in the literature.

• Rosacea - A chronic skin condition that causes redness and visible blood vessels in the face, sometimes accompanied by small, red, pus-filled bumps.

• Rozalex - A brand or product potentially related to dermatological protection or treatment, particularly for occupational skin diseases, though specifics are not widely known.

• Rubefacient - Substances that cause redness of the skin by expanding blood vessels, often used therapeutically to relieve pain or improve circulation.

• Rumpel–Leede sign - A clinical sign indicating capillary fragility, observed when petechiae form below the area of a constricting band, such as a blood pressure cuff.

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S

• SCORAD - Scoring Atopic Dermatitis, a clinical tool used to assess the severity of eczema by evaluating the extent and intensity of the disease and the patient's subjective symptoms.

• SCORTEN scale - A scoring system used to predict mortality in patients with toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), based on seven independent prognostic factors.

• Sacral dimple - A small dent in the skin on the lower back, near the base of the spine, which is present at birth and usually harmless, but can occasionally indicate underlying spinal abnormalities.

• Salim Haim - A dermatologist or figure associated with contributions to dermatology or skin care, though not widely known in mainstream medical literature.

• Salomon Ehrmann - A dermatologist recognized for his contributions to the field, particularly in the study and treatment of skin diseases in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

• Samuel Jessner - A dermatologist known for introducing Jessner's solution, a chemical peel formulation used for facial rejuvenation and treatment of acne and hyperpigmentation.

• Sclerodactyly - Thickening and tightening of the skin on the fingers and hands, a hallmark of systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) and related disorders.

• Scutulum - A crust or shield-like structure formed by densely packed fungal hyphae, seen in infections such as tinea capitis (scalp ringworm).

• Sebaceous filament - Tiny, hair-like structures designed to channel the flow of sebum along the lining of the pore in the skin, often mistaken for blackheads.

• Selsun Blue - A brand of medicated shampoo used for treating dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis, containing active ingredients such as selenium sulfide.

• Sensitive skin - Skin that is more prone to inflammation or adverse reactions, such as redness, itching, and burning, often in response to environmental factors or certain skincare products.

• Serpiginous - Describing a skin lesion that has a wavy or serpentine border, often seen in conditions like cutaneous larva migrans.

• Shea butter - A fat extracted from the nuts of the African shea tree, widely used in cosmetics as a moisturizer, salve, or lotion for its hydrating and skin-softening properties.

• Skin appendage - Structures associated with the skin, such as hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands, each playing roles in protection, regulation, and sensation.

• Skin care - The range of practices that support skin integrity, enhance its appearance, and relieve skin conditions, involving the use of products, nutrition, and avoidance of excessive sun exposure.

• Skin condition - Any medical condition that affects the skin's health and appearance, ranging from temporary, minor irritations to chronic diseases.

• Skin dimple - An indentation in the skin, often congenital or resulting from injury or surgery, which can be a cosmetic concern or characteristic of certain conditions.

• Skin disinfection - The process of cleaning the skin to eliminate or reduce pathogens and prevent infection, particularly before surgical procedures or in the treatment of wounds.

• Skin fissure - A crack or split in the skin, often due to dryness, which can be painful and may lead to infection if not properly treated.

• Skin infection - The invasion and multiplication of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites on the skin, leading to symptoms like redness, swelling, pain, and warmth.

• Skin maceration - The softening and breaking down of skin resulting from prolonged exposure to moisture, making the skin more susceptible to infection or irritation.

• Skin trauma - Physical injury to the skin, which can range from minor cuts and abrasions to more severe wounds or burns, requiring appropriate care to prevent infection and promote healing.

• Small-cell melanoma - A rare variant of melanoma characterized by small, round tumor cells, with a clinical and histological appearance distinct from more common types of melanoma.

• Soap - A substance used with water for washing and cleaning, made by combining a fat with an alkali. In dermatology, specific formulations may be recommended to treat or manage skin conditions.

• Soap substitute - Products designed to cleanse the skin without the drying effects of traditional soap, often recommended for individuals with dry or sensitive skin conditions.

• Sofpironium bromide - A topical medication used for the treatment of hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating), working by inhibiting the activation of sweat glands.

• Soot tattoo - A form of tattooing resulting from the introduction of soot or other pigmented materials into the skin, typically accidentally, through cuts or abrasions.

• SpazzStick - A brand or product possibly related to dermatology or skincare, perhaps a cosmetic or therapeutic item, though not widely recognized in dermatological literature.

• Spongiosis - The presence of intercellular edema in the epidermis, leading to widening of the spaces between skin cells, often seen in eczematous dermatitis.

• Stasis papillomatosis - A skin condition characterized by the growth of numerous papillomas in an area of venous stasis, such as the lower legs, often associated with chronic venous insufficiency.

• Sterigmatocystin - A mycotoxin produced by several species of the fungus Aspergillus, which can contaminate foodstuffs and has been implicated in cases of respiratory, dermal, and hepatic toxicity.

• Subcutaneous abscess - An abscess located beneath the skin, often presenting as a painful, swollen area filled with pus and bacteria, requiring drainage and sometimes antibiotic treatment.

• Suction blister - A blister induced by suction, used in dermatological research or procedures such as blister grafting for vitiligo treatment.

• Sulfonamide (medicine) - A class of antibiotics that can be used to treat bacterial infections, including some skin infections. Some individuals may experience allergic reactions or sensitivity to sulfonamides.

• Sunscreen - A lotion, spray, gel, foam, stick, or other topical product that absorbs or reflects some of the sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the skin exposed to sunlight, helping to prevent sunburn and premature aging.

• Superficial X-rays - A type of radiation therapy that uses low-penetration x-rays for treating skin cancers and some other skin conditions, though its use has been largely replaced by more advanced techniques.

• Svend Lomholt - A dermatologist or researcher associated with contributions to dermatological science or literature, though not widely known in the field.

• Syphilidologie - An antiquated term or reference related to the study or treatment of syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection with significant dermatological manifestations.

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T

• T-2 mycotoxin - A trichothecene mycotoxin produced by fungi of the Fusarium genus, which can cause a variety of health problems, including dermatitis, when humans are exposed to contaminated food or environments.

• T-Beauty - Taiwanese Beauty, referring to skincare and cosmetic trends or products originating from Taiwan, noted for their innovation and use of natural ingredients.

• TAN syndrome - A term or condition related to dermatology, potentially referring to a specific syndrome with dermatological manifestations, though not widely recognized in the literature.

• Target lesion - A type of skin lesion that has a distinctive appearance resembling a target or bullseye, often seen in conditions like erythema multiforme.

• Targetoid - Describing lesions that resemble a target with concentric rings, characteristic of certain skin diseases such as erythema multiforme or Lyme disease.

• Tattoo removal - The process of removing an unwanted tattoo through various methods, including laser therapy, dermabrasion, or surgical excision.

• Tecnu - A brand of skin cleanser designed to remove oils, toxins, and contaminants from the skin, often used for poison ivy, oak, or sumac exposure.

• Telangiectasia - The dilation of small blood vessels near the surface of the skin, resulting in visible red lines or patterns, often associated with conditions like rosacea or chronic sun damage.

• Teledermatology - The practice of dermatology conducted over a distance using telecommunications technology, allowing for remote diagnosis, consultation, and treatment of skin conditions.

• Tenoxicam - A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used for pain relief in conditions such as arthritis, with potential applications in dermatology for inflammatory skin conditions.

• Tetracycline - An antibiotic used to treat a variety of infections, including acne and other skin infections, by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis.

• Tetter - An old-fashioned term for various skin diseases characterized by itching, scaling, or blistering, such as eczema or psoriasis.

• Thanaka - A yellowish-white cosmetic paste made from ground bark, used in Myanmar for centuries for its cosmetic beauty and for providing protection from sunburn.

• Theraderm - A brand of medical-grade skincare products designed to address various skin concerns, including aging, acne, and discoloration.

• Thirteen Lune - A beauty and wellness platform or brand focusing on inclusivity and diversity, potentially offering products or content related to skincare and dermatology.

• Thujaplicin - A chemical compound found in the wood of western red cedar trees, with antimicrobial properties, sometimes used in skincare products for its preservative or therapeutic effects.

• Tralokinumab - A monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis, targeting the interleukin-13 (IL-13) pathway to reduce inflammation and improve skin symptoms.

• Trichology - The branch of dermatology that studies the health of the hair and scalp, addressing issues such as hair loss, scalp conditions, and hair texture problems.

• Tumescent anesthesia - A technique used in dermatologic and cosmetic surgery involving the injection of large volumes of dilute local anesthetic into fatty tissue, making it firm and swollen (tumescent), allowing for procedures with minimal blood loss and pain.

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U

• Ulcer (dermatology) - A break in the skin or mucous membrane with loss of surface tissue, disintegration, and necrosis of epithelial tissue, often resulting from poor circulation or as a result of infection.

• Ulerythema - Inflammation of the hair follicles leading to redness and sometimes scarring, commonly seen in conditions like folliculitis or keratosis pilaris.

• Urea-containing cream - Topical formulations that include urea as an active ingredient, used for its hydrating and keratolytic properties to treat dry, rough, and scaly skin conditions.

• Uremic frost - A rare condition in patients with severe chronic kidney failure, characterized by the precipitation of urea crystals on the skin due to elevated levels of urea in the blood.

• Urushiol - An oily organic allergen found in plants of the family Anacardiaceae, such as poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac, causing contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals.

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V

• Vaccinia -  a local infection induced in humans by inoculation with the virus causing cowpox in order to confer resistance to smallpox; normally lasts three weeks and leaves a pitted scar; a viral disease of cattle causing a mild skin disease affecting the udder; formerly used to inoculate humans against smallpox
• Vaginal -  of or relating to the vagina
• Valley fever -  an infection of the lungs and skin characterized by excessive sputum and nodules
• Varicella -  an acute contagious disease caused by herpes varicella zoster virus; causes a rash of vesicles on the face and body
• Variegate - verb change the appearance of, especially by marking with different colors; make something more diverse and varied
• Variola major -  a type of smallpox virus that has a fatality rate of up to 25 percent; a highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever and weakness and skin eruption with pustules that form scabs that slough off leaving scars
• Various -  considered individually; of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity; distinctly dissimilar or unlike; having great diversity or variety
• Vascular spider -  a dilation of superficial capillaries with a central red dot from which blood vessels radiate
• Vasculitis -  inflammation of a blood vessel
• Vehicle -  a conveyance that transports people or objects; a medium for the expression or achievement of something; a substance that facilitates the use of a drug or pigment or other material that is mixed with it; any inanimate object (as a towel or money or clothing or dishes or books or toys etc.) that can transmit infectious agents from one person to another
• Vertebral -  of or relating to or constituting vertebrae
• Vertigo -  a reeling sensation; a feeling that you are about to fall
• Viral -  relating to or caused by a virus
• Virilization -  the abnormal development of male sexual characteristics in a female (usually as the result of hormone therapies or adrenal malfunction)
• Visceral leishmaniasis -  leishmaniasis of the viscera
• Vitamin b -  originally thought to be a single vitamin but now separated into several b vitamins
• Vitamin d -  a fat-soluble vitamin that prevents rickets
• Vitamin -  any of a group of organic substances essential in small quantities to normal metabolism
• Vitiligo -  an acquired skin disease characterized by patches of unpigmented skin (often surrounded by a heavily pigmented border)
• Vomiting -  the reflex act of ejecting the contents of the stomach through the mouth
• Von recklinghausen's disease -  autosomal dominant disease characterized by numerous neurofibromas and by spots on the skin and often by developmental abnormalities
• Vulval -  of or relating to the vulva
• Vulvovaginitis -  inflammation of the vulva and the vagina

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W

• Warfarin -  an anticoagulant (trade name coumadin) use to prevent and treat a thrombus or embolus
• Wassermann test -  a blood test to detect syphilis; a complement fixation test is used to detect antibodies to the syphilis organism treponema; a positive reaction indicates the presence of antibodies and therefore syphilis infection
• Wasting -  a decrease in size of an organ caused by disease or disuse; any general reduction in vitality and strength of body and mind resulting from a debilitating chronic disease
• Waterproof -  not permitting the passage of water;  any fabric impervious to water; a water-resistant coat; verb make watertight
• Wattle -  framework consisting of stakes interwoven with branches to form a fence; a fleshy wrinkled and often brightly colored fold of skin hanging from the neck or throat of certain birds (chickens and turkeys) or lizards;  interlace to form wattle; build of or with wattle
• Weary -  physically and mentally fatigued;  exhaust or get tired through overuse or great strain or stress; get tired of something or somebody
• Weber -  german physiologist who studied sensory responses to stimuli and is considered the father of psychophysics (1795-1878); german conductor and composer of romantic operas (1786-1826); german sociologist and pioneer of the analytic method in sociology (1864-1920); united states abstract painter (born in russia) (1881-1961); german physicist and brother of e. H. Weber; noted for his studies of terrestrial magnetism (1804-1891); a unit of magnetic flux equal to 100,000,000 maxwells
• Weeping -  showing sorrow;  the process of shedding tears (usually accompanied by sobs or other inarticulate sounds)
• Weil's disease -  a severe form of leptospirosis in human beings
• Werlhof's disease -  purpura associated with a reduction in circulating blood platelets which can result from a variety of factors
• Wheal: Also called hives, these are raised, often itchy, red bumps (welts) on the surface of the skin. They can be an allergic reaction to food or medicine. They can also appear without cause.
• Whitlow -  a purulent infection at the end of a finger or toe in the area surrounding the nail
• Widespread -  widely circulated or diffused; distributed over a considerable extent
• Windburn -  redness and irritation of the skin caused by exposure to high-velocity wind
• Windmill -  generator that extracts usable energy from winds; a mill that is powered by the wind
• Withdrawal -  the act of withdrawing; the termination of drug taking; the act of taking out money or other capital; a retraction of a previously held position; avoiding emotional involvement; formal separation from an alliance or federation
• Worsening -  changing for the worse;  changing something with the result that it becomes worse; process of changing to an inferior state
• Wrestler -  combatant who tries to throw opponent to the ground
• Writer -  writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay); a person who is able to write and has written something
• Written -  set down in writing in any of various ways; systematically collected and written down; written as for a film or play or broadcast

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X

• Xanthelasma -  xanthoma of the eyelids; occurs chiefly in the elderly
• Xanthoma disseminatum -  rare chronic xanthoma of adults n which orange or brownish papules develop on many surfaces of the body
• Xanthoma -  a skin problem marked by the development (on the eyelids and neck and back) of irregular yellow nodules; sometimes attributable to disturbances of cholesterol metabolism
• Xanthomatosis -  widespread xanthomas (especially on elbows and knees); often associated with a disorder of lipid metabolism
• Xeroderma pigmentosum -  a rare genetic condition characterized by an eruption of exposed skin occurring in childhood and photosensitivity with severe sunburn; inherited as a recessive autosomal trait in which dna repair processes are defective so they are more likely to chromosome breaks and cancers when exposed to ultraviolet light

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Y

• Yaws -  an infectious tropical disease resembling syphilis in its early stages; marked by red skin eruptions and ulcerating lesions
• Yersinia pestis -  a bacillus bacterium that causes the plague; aerosolized bacteria can be used as a bioweapon
• Zidovudine -  an antiviral drug (trade name retrovir) used in the treatment of aids; adverse side effects include liver damage and suppression of the bone marrow
• Zinc sulphate -  a colorless water-soluble powder; used as a mordant or to preserve wood or for the electrodeposition of zinc
• Zinsser -  united states bacteriologist who helped develop immunization against typhus fever (1878-1940)
• Zoster -  eruptions along a nerve path often accompanied by severe neuralgia
• Zovirax -  an oral antiviral drug (trade name zovirax) used to treat genital herpes; does not cure the disease but relieves the symptoms

See also

• American Board of Dermatology
• American Osteopathic Board of Dermatology
• British Association of Dermatologists
• Skin condition
• History of dermatology
• List of skin conditions
• List of dermatologists

Dermatology and Rheumatologic diseases A - Z

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Glossary of dermatology

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