Glossary of research terms
- Aborted fetus
- Abortion rate
- Abortion ratio
- Absolute difference
- Absolute poverty
- Absolute risk increase
- Absolute risk reduction
- Absolute risk
- Abstract
- Academic clinical trials
- Academic detailing
- Academic dissertation
- Acceptability
- Access to health services
- Accessibility of health services
- Accident prevention
- Accountability
- Accreditation
- Achievable health impact
- Action research
- Active alternatives
- Activities of daily living
- Actuarial analysis
- Acute care (short-stay)
- Additive model
- Additive
- Addresses
- Adequacy
- Adjusted analysis
- Adjusted rate
- Adjustment
- Adolescent fertility rate
- Adolescent health services
- Adolescent medicine
- Adolescent
- Adult literacy rate
- Adult mortality rate
- Adverse drug reaction reporting systems
- Adverse drug reaction
- Adverse effect
- Adverse event
- Advice
- Advocacy and support groups
- Advocacy
- Affordability
- Age distribution
- Age factors
- Age of consent
- Age specific rate
- Age standardization
- Age-dependency ratio
- Age-sex structure
- Age-specific mortality rate
- Age-standardized mortality rate
- Agent
- Aggregate data
- Aging of population
- Aging
- Alert threshold
- Alerting systems
- Algorithm
- Allocation concealment
- Allocation ratio
- Allocation sequence
- Allocative efficiency
- Alpha level
- Alternative hypothesis
- Ambulatory care facilities
- Ambulatory care
- Analysis of variance
- Analytic epidemiology
- Analytical study
- Anecdote
- Animal care committees
- Animal experimentation
- Animal model
- Animal study
- Annual birth average
- Annual death average
- Annual population growth rate
- Annual report
- Anonymous linked information
- Anonymous testing
- Antenatal care coverage - at least four visits
- Antenatal care coverage - at least one visit
- Antenatal care coverage
- Antenatal care
- Anthropometry
- Applicability
- Applicable regulatory requirement
- Applied epidemiology
- Appropriate(ness)
- Approval
- Approved drugs
- Area under curve
- Argument
- Arithmetic mean
- Arm
- Ascertainment bias
- Assessment
- Assignment
- Assisted reproductive technology
- Association
- Atlas
- Attack rate
- Attributable health impact
- Attributable proportion
- Attributable risk
- Attrition bias
- Attrition
- Audit certificate
- Audit report
- Audit trail
- Audit
- Autocorrelation
- Autonomy
- Availability
- Average cost
- Average length of stay
- Average
- Balancing equation
- Bar chart
- Baseline assessment
- Baseline characteristics
- Baseline data
- Baseline risk
- Baseline
- Basic reproduction number
- Basic risk
- Bayes theorem
- Bayesian approaches
- Bayesian statistics
- Bed conversion
- Bed days
- Bed occupancy
- Before-and-after study
- Behavioral research
- Bell-shaped curve
- Benchmark
- Benchmarking
- Beneficence
- Benefits
- Best evidence
- Best practice
- Bias prevention
- Bias
- Bibliographic database
- Bibliography
- Binomial distribution
- Bioavailable
- Biobibliography
- Biochemical pregnancy
- Bioethical issues
- Bioethics
- Biography
- Bioinformatics
- Biologic transmission
- Biological availability
- Biological drug
- Biological marker
- Biological plausibility
- Biomedical research
- Biometric identification
- Biometrics
- Biometry
- Biostatistics
- Biotechnology
- Birth control
- Birth interval
- Birth rate for unmarried women
- Birth rate
- Birth weight
- Births attended by skilled health personnel
- Births by caesarean section
- Blind assessment
- Blind review
- Blind
- Blinded study
- Blinding
- Block randomization
- Book reviews
- Boolean operators
- Booster sessions
- Box plot
- Budget
- Burden of disease
- Burden of proof
- Calories availability
- Capacity building
- Capital expenditure
- Caregiver
- Carry over
- Case definition
- Case fatality rate
- Case management
- Case mix
- Case rate
- Case report form
- Case report
- Case series
- Case study
- Case-control study
- Case
- Casuistry
- Catchment area
- Catchment population
- Categorical data
- Categorical variables
- Causal effect
- Causality
- Cause of death
- Cause of disease
- Cause-specific mortality rate
- Causes of death among children aged less than 5 years
- Censored
- Census
- Central tendency
- Certification
- Channeling bias
- Checklist effect
- Checklist
- Chi-square distribution
- Child health services
- Child mortality rate
- Child mortality
- Child-woman ratio
- Child
- Childbearing years
- Childbirth
- Childlessness
- Children under 5 years overweight
- Children under 5 years stunted
- Children under 5 years underweight
- Chronology
- Civil defense
- Class interval
- Classical article
- Clinical audit
- Clinical coder
- Clinical conference
- Clinical data acquisition
- Clinical decision support system
- Clinical effectiveness
- Clinical ethics committees
- Clinical ethics
- Clinical gestalt
- Clinical governance
- Clinical guideline
- Clinical investigation
- Clinical investigator
- Clinical medicine
- Clinical monitoring
- Clinical nursing research
- Clinical outcome
- Clinical pathway
- Clinical practice guideline
- Clinical prediction rule
- Clinical pregnancy rate
- Clinical pregnancy with fetal heart beat
- Clinical pregnancy
- Clinical protocol
- Clinical quality improvement
- Clinical research
- Clinical researcher
- Clinical series
- Clinical surveillance
- Clinical trial management system
- Clinical trial protocol
- Clinical trial/study report
- Clinical trial
- Clinical
- Clinically significant
- Clinician
- Closed population
- Clouded thinking
- Cluster analysis
- Cluster assignment
- Cluster randomized trial
- Cluster sampling
- Cluster
- Co-intervention
- Codes of ethics
- Coding
- Coercion
- Cohort analysis
- Cohort effect
- Cohort study
- Cohort
- Coitus
- Collaborative trialists’ group
- Collected works
- Comment
- Commissioning
- Communitarian ethics
- Community effectiveness
- Community health aides
- Community health nursing
- Community health planning
- Community health services
- Community health worker
- Community medicine
- Community programs
- Community-based clinical trial
- Community-based participatory research
- Community-based research
- Community
- Comorbidity
- Comparative effectiveness research
- Comparative study
- Comparator
- Comparison groups
- Compassionate use trial
- Compassionate use
- Complete follow-up
- Completed fertility rate
- Completeness of reporting
- Completeness
- Completer analysis
- Compliance
- Composite endpoint
- Computer decision support system
- Computer-assisted decision making
- Concealment
- Conditional probability
- Condom use at higher risk sex among young people aged 15-24 years
- Condom use during higher-risk sex
- Confidence interval
- Confidence limits
- Confidentiality regarding trial participants
- Confidentiality
- Conflict of interest
- Confounded comparison
- Confounding variable
- Congresses
- Conjoint analysis
- Consecutive case series
- Consecutive sample
- Consecutive sampling
- Consensus building
- Consensus development conference
- Consensus
- Consistency
- Construct validity
- Consumer health information
- Consumer participation
- Consumer satisfaction
- Contact tracing
- Contamination
- Content validity
- Context
- Contingency planning
- Contingency table
- Contingent valuation
- Continuous data
- Continuous variable
- Contraception
- Contraceptive agents
- Contraceptive methods
- Contraceptive prevalence
- Contract research organization
- Contract
- Contraindication
- Control animal
- Control event rate
- Control group
- Control program
- Control
- Controlled before and after study
- Controlled clinical trial
- Controlled trial
- Convenience sample
- Convenience survey
- Conventional treatment
- Coordinating committee
- Coordinating investigator
- Copyright
- Corrected and republished article
- Correlation coefficient
- Correlation
- Cost allocation
- Cost control
- Cost of illness
- Cost-benefit analysis
- Cost-effectiveness acceptability curve
- Cost-effectiveness analysis
- Cost-effectiveness efficiency frontier
- Cost-minimization analysis
- Cost-utility analysis
- Coverage of vital registration of deaths
- Coverage
- Credentialing
- Credibility
- Criteria of causation
- Critical appraisal criteria
- Critical appraisal
- Critiquing
- Cross-border health risks
- Cross-cultural comparison
- Cross-sectional study
- Cross-tabulation table
- Crossover randomized trial
- Crossover study
- Crude birth rate
- Crude divorce rate
- Crude marriage rate
- Crude mortality rate
- Crude prevalence rate
- Crude rate
- Cumulative frequency curve
- Cumulative frequency
- Cumulative incidence
- Cumulative meta-analysis
- Curriculum
- Data and safety monitoring board
- Data clarification form
- Data cleansing
- Data collection
- Data dredging
- Data management
- Data monitoring committee
- Data pooling
- Data set
- Data validation
- Database management system
- Database
- Day care
- Death-to-case ratio
- Decimal places
- Decision aid
- Decision analysis
- Decision making
- Decision support techniques
- Decision tree
- Defensive medicine
- Degrees of belief
- Degrees of freedom
- Delivery of health care
- Demographic information
- Demographic transition
- Demography
- Denominator
- Density of community health workers
- Density of environment and public health workers
- Density of nursing and midwifery personnel
- Density of other health service providers
- Density of physicians
- Deontological
- Dependency ratio
- Dependent variable
- Depopulation
- Descriptive bibliography
- Descriptive epidemiology
- Descriptive statistics
- Descriptive study
- Design effect
- Design
- Detection bias
- Determinant
- Deterministic method of allocation
- Device approval
- Diagnosis-related group
- Diagnostic error
- Diagnostic test approval
- Diagnostic trials
- Dichotomous data
- Dichotomous variable
- Dictionary
- Differential diagnosis
- Differential verification bias
- Diffusion research
- Direct access
- Directional research hypothesis
- Directory
- Disability-adjusted life years (DALY)
- Disbenefits
- Discharge
- Disclosure
- Discounting
- Discrete or discontinuous data
- Discriminant analysis
- Disease management
- Disease notification
- Disease registry
- Disease surveillance
- Disease-free survival
- Disease-specific health-related quality of life
- Disentanglement strategies
- Dispensary
- Dissemination research
- Distribution of causes of death among children under 5 years
- Distribution of years of life lost by broader causes
- Distribution
- Distributive justice
- Divorce demography
- Documentation
- Dose dependent
- Dose response relationship
- Dose-limiting
- Dose-ranging study
- Dose-rate
- Dose
- Dot plot
- Double effect principle
- Double-blind study
- Double-dummy
- Doubling time
- Downstream costs
- Drillability
- Dropout
- Drug approval
- Drug class effects
- Drug design
- Drug development
- Drug discovery
- Drug dose-response relationship
- Drug evaluation
- Drug interaction
- Drug monitoring
- Drug repositioning
- Drug toxicity
- Drug
- Duplicate publication
- Duplication
- Duty to recontact
- Duty to warn
- E-epidemiology
- E-health
- Early diagnosis
- Early termination of clinical trials
- Eclipsing
- Ecological study
- Economic analysis
- Economic epidemiology
- Economic evaluation
- Economic outcome
- Ectopic pregnancy
- Editorial board
- Editorial policies
- Editorial review
- Editorial
- Educational meetings
- Effect modifiers (epidemiology)
- Effect size
- Effectiveness research
- Effectiveness
- Efficacy research
- Efficacy
- Efficiency
- Egger's method
- Electronic data capture
- Electronic health record
- Eligibility criteria
- Embryo loss
- Embryo research
- Embryo
- Emergency management
- Emergency medical services
- Emergency threshold
- Empirical research
- Empirical
- Encyclopedia
- Endemic disease
- Endemic
- Endpoint determination
- Endpoint
- Enrollment
- Environment and public health workers
- Environmental epidemiology
- Environmental exposure
- Environmental factor
- Environmental health
- Environmental medicine
- Environmental monitoring
- Environmental strategies
- Ephemera
- Ephemeral literature
- Epidemic curve
- Epidemic model
- Epidemic period
- Epidemic threshold
- Epidemic
- Epidemiologic factors
- Epidemiologic measurements
- Epidemiologic research design
- Epidemiologic studies
- Epidemiologic study characteristics
- Epidemiologic triad
- Epidemiological transition
- Epidemiology
- Episode of care
- Episodes of illness
- Equality
- Equipment failure analysis
- Equipoise
- Equity in health
- Equity
- Equivalence trial
- Essay
- Essential documents
- Essential drugs
- Essential national health research
- Estimate of effect
- Estimated general mortality rate
- Ethical approval
- Ethical review
- Ethicist
- Ethics committees
- Ethics consultation
- Ethics
- Ethnic approach
- Ethnic group
- Ethnicity
- Etiology
- Evaluability assessment
- Evaluable disease
- Evaluable patients
- Evaluation method
- Evaluation of program planning
- Evaluation resources
- Evaluation studies
- Evaluation tools
- Evaluation
- Event rate
- Event
- Evidence based public health
- Evidence review
- Evidence-based experts
- Evidence-based guidelines
- Evidence-based health care
- Evidence-based health promotion
- Evidence-based individual decision making
- Evidence-based medical ethics
- Evidence-based medicine
- Evidence-based nursing
- Evidence-based policy making
- Evidence-based practice
- Evidence-based practitioners
- Evidence
- Excess mortality rate
- Exclusion criteria
- Exclusive breastfeeding under 6 months
- Expanded access trial
- Expanded access
- Experimental drug
- Experimental event rate
- Experimental intervention
- Experimental study
- Experimental therapy
- Experimental
- Expert opinion
- Explanatory trial
- Exposed group
- Exposure assessment
- Exposure
- External evaluation
- External resources for health
- External validity
- Externality
- Extramural
- Extrapolation
- Extremely low birth weight
- Extremely preterm birth
- Factorial design
- Factual databases
- Fail-safe N
- False negative rate
- False negative reactions
- False negative
- False positive rate
- False positive reactions
- False positive
- Family characteristics
- Family health
- Family planning policy
- Family planning services
- Family planning
- Family practice
- Family
- Fatal outcome
- Feasibility study
- Fecundability
- Fecundity
- Feedback effect
- Female genital mutilation
- Fertility
- Fertilization
- Fetal death ratio
- Fetal death
- Fetal mortality rate
- Fetal mortality
- Fetal research
- Fetal viability
- Fetus
- Fidelity of implementation
- Field work
- File drawer problem
- Financial resource allocation
- First trimester pregnancy
- Fixed costs
- Fixed-effect model
- Flexibility
- Focus group discussion
- Focus group
- Follow-up (complete)
- Follow-up assessment
- Follow-up studies
- Follow-up
- Forced-choice format
- Forecasting
- Forest plot
- Formative evaluation
- Formulary
- Founder effect
- Fraud
- Frequencies
- Frequency distribution curve
- Frequency distribution table
- Frequency distribution
- Frequency polygon
- Frequentist methods
- Full analysis set
- Functional status
- Funding
- Funnel plot
- Gatekeeper
- Gender identity
- Gender
- General estimated mortality rate, adjusted by age
- General fertility rate
- General government expenditure on health as a percentage of total expenditure on health
- General government expenditure on health as a percentage of total government expenditure
- General government expenditure on health
- Generalizability
- Generation of allocation sequence
- Generic drug
- Generic health-related quality of life
- Genetic epidemiology
- Genetic research
- Geometric mean
- Gestational age
- Global assessment variable
- Global burden of disease
- Global health
- Goal free evaluation
- Gold standard
- Good clinical practice
- Government programs
- Government publications
- Grantsmanship
- Gravidity
- Grey literature
- Gross primary enrollment ratio
- Gross reproduction rate
- Group practice
- Growth rate
- Guidance
- Guideline
- Handbook
- Harm reduction
- Harms
- Hawthorne effect
- Hazard identification
- Hazard rate
- Hazard ratio
- Hazard
- Health benefit
- Health care consumer
- Health care costs
- Health care evaluation mechanisms
- Health care inequality
- Health care provider
- Health care quality indicators
- Health care rationing
- Health care sector
- Health care surveys
- Health care system
- Health care
- Health centre
- Health determinants
- Health economics
- Health education
- Health ethics
- Health expectancy
- Health expenditures
- Health facilities
- Health financing
- Health for all policy
- Health gain
- Health geography
- Health impact assessment
- Health impacts
- Health indicator
- Health inequalities impact assessment
- Health inequality
- Health inequity
- Health informatics
- Health information system
- Health information technology
- Health life expectancy (HALE) at birth
- Health literacy
- Health management and support workers
- Health manpower
- Health outcomes
- Health personnel
- Health plan implementation
- Health plan
- Health planning
- Health policy
- Health priorities
- Health profile
- Health promotion
- Health protection
- Health resources
- Health sector
- Health services administration
- Health services misuse
- Health services needs and demand
- Health services research
- Health services
- Health state
- Health status disparities
- Health status indicator
- Health status
- Health survey
- Health system
- Health target
- Health technology assessment
- Health technology
- Health transition
- Health utility
- Health-related quality of life
- Health
- Healthy control
- Heterogeneity
- Heterogeneous
- Hierarchical regression
- Hierarchy of evidence
- High-risk group
- High-risk pregnancy
- Histogram
- Historic cohort study
- Historical article
- Historical cohort design
- Historical control subject
- Historical control
- Home care
- Homogeneous
- Horizontal equity
- Hospital bed
- Hospital beds ratio
- Hospital beds
- Hospital costs
- Hospital discharges ratio
- Hospital mortality
- Hospital
- Hospital bed capacity
- Host factor
- Host
- Household
- Human capital
- Human development index
- Human experimentation
- Human resources
- Human rights
- Human subject research
- Human subject
- Hyperendemic disease
- Hypothesis test
- Hypothesis
- I2
- Ignorance of risks
- Illusion of certainty
- Impact evaluation
- Impact factor
- Impact
- Impartial witness
- Implementation research
- Implementation
- Imprecision
- In vitro
- In vivo
- In-depth interview
- Inception cohort
- Incidence rate
- Incidence
- Incidental findings
- Inclusion criteria
- Incorporation bias
- Incremental analysis
- Incubation period
- Independent association
- Independent ethics committee
- Independent variable
- Independent
- Index date
- Index test
- Index
- Indication
- Indicators
- Indirect costs and benefits
- Individual data
- Individual patient data meta-analysis
- Individual patient data
- Induced abortion
- Inequity in access to health services
- Inequity in health
- Inequity in receipt of health services
- Infant mortality rate
- Infant mortality
- Infant
- Infection control
- Inference
- Infertility
- Information dissemination
- Informational redundancy
- Informed consent document
- Informed consent
- Initial situation
- Inpatient treatment
- Inpatient
- Input
- Inspection
- Institution
- Institutional ethics
- Institutional review board
- Instruments
- Intent to treat
- Intention to treat analysis
- Interaction
- Interactive programs
- Interim analysis
- Interim clinical trial/study report
- Internal evaluator
- Internal validity
- Interobserver reliability
- Interpolation
- Interquartile range
- Interrater reliability
- Interrupted time series
- Intersectoral action
- Intervention group
- Intervention name
- Intervention studies
- Intervention-specific instruments
- Intervention
- Interview
- Interviewer bias
- Intraclass correlation coefficient
- Intramural
- Intrarater reliability
- Introductory journal article
- Inverse of variance
- Investigational drug
- Investigational new drug application
- Investigational new drug
- Investigational
- Investigator triangulation
- Investigator's brochure
- Investigator
- Justice
- Kappa statistic
- Key informant
- Key words
- L'Abbé plot
- Laboratory manual
- Language bias
- Latency period
- Lay knowledge
- Lead time bias
- Lead time
- Lecture notes
- Lecture
- Legally acceptable representative
- Legislation
- Length time bias
- Letter
- Levels of evidence
- Life expectancy at birth
- Life expectancy
- Life skills programs
- Life skills
- Life span
- Life style
- Life table
- Likelihood functions
- Likelihood ratio of a negative test
- Likelihood ratio of a positive test
- Likelihood ratios in diagnostic testing
- Likert format
- Likert scale
- Limit of detection
- Linear models
- Linear regression
- Linear scale
- Linkage and exchange strategies
- Literacy rate
- Literature review
- Live birth
- Local consensus process
- Local opinion leaders
- Log-odds ratio
- Logarithmic scale
- Logic model
- Logic of evidence based practice
- Logistic models
- Logistic regression
- Long-term care
- Long-term outcomes
- Longitudinal prospective study
- Longitudinal study
- Loss to follow-up
- Lot quality assurance sampling
- Low birth weight
- Low birthweight proportion
- Low-birth-weight newborns
- Magnitude
- Malpractice
- Managed care programs
- Managed care
- Manuscript
- Margin
- Marginal cost
- Marital fertility rate
- Markov chain
- Markov model
- Marriage
- Mass media campaigns
- Mass media
- Mass screening
- Matched-pair analysis
- Matching
- Maternal death
- Maternal health services
- Maternal mortality ratio, reported
- Maternal mortality ratio
- Maternal mortality
- Maternal-child health centers
- Maximum tolerated dose
- Mean age
- Mean difference
- Mean
- Measure of association
- Measure of central location
- Measure of dispersion
- Measurement bias
- Measurement validity
- Median age
- Median survival
- Median
- Medical algorithm
- Medical audit
- Medical classification
- Medical consensus
- Medical economics
- Medical error
- Medical ethics
- Medical guideline
- Medical informatics
- Medical journal
- Medical law
- Medical literature
- Medical malpractice
- Medical practice
- Medical record
- Medical statistics
- Medically assisted reproduction
- Medication adherence
- Medication error
- Medication
- Medicine
- Meeting abstracts
- Member checking
- Mendelian randomization analysis
- Mendelian randomization
- Meta-analysis
- Meta-regression
- Meta-synthesis
- Methodological rigor
- Methodology
- Mid-range
- Midwife
- Midwifery
- Millennium development goals
- Minimal important difference
- Minimization
- Minor
- Minority health
- Miscarriage
- Missed abortion
- Mixed-methods study
- Mode
- Molecular epidemiology
- Monitoring report
- Monitoring
- Monograph
- Monte Carlo method
- Moral hazard
- Moral obligations
- Morbidity rate
- Morbidity
- Mortality rate
- Mortality reduction
- Mortality
- Multi-arm trial
- Multicenter study
- Multidisciplinary opinion
- Multilevel analysis
- Multiphasic screening
- Multiple birth
- Multiple comparisons
- Multiple pregnancy
- Multiple regression
- Multiplicative model
- Multiplicity
- Multistage sampling
- Multivariate analysis
- N of 1 randomized trial
- Narration
- Narrative data
- Narrative review
- Narrative systematic review
- Natality
- National health programs
- Natural history of disease
- Natural history study
- Natural history
- Necessary cause
- Needs assessment
- Negative correlation
- Negative effect
- Negative likelihood ratio
- Negative predictive value
- Negative study
- Neonatal intensive care unit
- Neonatal intensive care
- Neonatal mortality rate
- Neonatal mortality
- Neonatal period
- Neonatal screening
- Net primary school enrolment rate
- Net reproduction rate
- Neural network
- New drug application
- News
- No-observed-adverse-effect level
- Nominal categorical data
- Nominal scale
- Nominal variable
- Nomogram
- Non-inferiority trial
- Non-interactive programs
- Non-maleficence
- Non-nominal linked information
- Non-regular sexual partner
- Non-systematic review
- Nonadherent
- Nonblinded
- Nonclinical study
- Nonconsecutive case series
- Nonparametric statistics
- Nonprobability sampling
- Nonrandomized clinical trial
- Nonrandomized study
- Nontherapeutic human experimentation
- Normal curve
- Normal distribution curve
- Normal distribution
- Not significant/non-significant
- Null hypothesis
- Null result
- Nulligravida
- Nullipara
- Number needed to harm
- Number needed to screen
- Number needed to treat for a meta-analysis
- Number needed to treat
- Number of community health workers
- Number of days/years gained or lost
- Number of environment and public health workers
- Number of infant deaths, reported
- Number of maternal deaths, reported
- Number of nursing and midwifery personnel
- Number of other health service providers
- Number of outpatient care facilities
- Number of physicians
- Numerical variables
- Nuptiality
- Nurse
- Nursing administration research
- Nursing audit
- Nursing care
- Nursing education research
- Nursing ethics
- Nursing evaluation research
- Nursing methodology research
- Nursing research
- Objective improvement
- Objective response
- Objectives
- Objectivity
- Obligation
- Observation
- Observational study
- Observer bias
- Observer variation
- Obstetric delivery
- Obstetric labor
- Occupancy rate
- Occupational health
- Odds ratio
- Odds reduction
- Odds
- Off the shelf reviews
- Off-label use
- Off-label
- One-tailed test
- Open clinical trial
- Open label study
- Open sequential design
- Open-ended question
- Operational objectives
- Operations research
- Opportunities
- Opportunity cost
- Ordinal categorical data
- Ordinal data
- Ordinal scale
- Organizational case studies
- Orphan drugs
- Other health workers
- Outbreak
- Outcome and process assessment (health care)
- Outcome assessment (health care)
- Outcome evaluation
- Outcome indicator
- Outcome variable
- Outcome
- Outcomes of health care
- Outcomes research
- Outline
- Outpatient health care visits ratio
- Outpatient
- Output
- Outreach work
- Over-the-counter drug
- Overall objective
- Overall
- Overview
- P value
- Paired design
- Pandemic
- Parallel group trial
- Parameter
- Parametric tests
- Parental consent
- Parental notification
- Parity
- Partial verification bias
- Participant
- Participatory research
- Partnership practice
- Pathogenicity
- Patient acceptance of health care
- Patient advocacy
- Patient advocate
- Patient care management
- Patient care
- Patient education handout
- Patient expected event rate
- Patient freedom of choice laws
- Patient participation
- Patient preference
- Patient rights
- Patient safety
- Patient satisfaction
- Patient selection
- Patient-centered care
- Patient-important outcomes
- Patient-mediated interventions
- Patient-reported outcome
- Patient
- Peer review
- Peer-reviewed journal
- Per capita government expenditure on health (PPP int. $)
- Per capita government expenditure on health at average exchange rate (US$)
- Per capita total expenditure on health (PPP int. $)
- Per capita total expenditure on health at average exchange rate (US$)
- Per protocol analysis
- Per protocol set
- Percentile
- Performance bias
- Performance criteria
- Perinatal care
- Perinatal mortality rate
- Perinatal mortality
- Perinatal period
- Perinatology
- Period analysis
- Period effect
- Period prevalence
- Permuted block design
- Person-time rate
- Person-time
- Person-years
- Personal narratives
- Personhood
- Peto method
- Pharmacoepidemiology
- Pharmacokinetics
- Pharmacopoeia
- Phase I clinical trials
- Phase II clinical trials
- Phase III clinical trials
- Phase IV clinical trials
- Physician
- Physicians ratio
- Pie chart
- Pilot study
- Placebo controlled study
- Placebo effect
- Placebo therapy
- Placebo
- Plagiarism
- Planned analyses
- Point estimate
- Point prevalence
- Poisson distribution
- Policy making
- Policy question
- Policy-maker
- Policy
- Polyclinic
- Pooled estimate
- Pooling
- Population (in thousands) total
- Population characteristics
- Population control
- Population density
- Population distribution
- Population dynamics
- Population genetics
- Population groups
- Population growth
- Population health
- Population living in urban areas
- Population median age (years)
- Population projection
- Population proportion over 60
- Population proportion under 15
- Population pyramid
- Population stratification
- Population study
- Population surveillance
- Population-based survey
- Population-proportional sampling
- Population
- Position-specific scoring matrix
- Positive correlation
- Positive likelihood ratio
- Positive predictive value of case definition
- Positive predictive value of detecting outbreaks/cases
- Positive predictive value
- Positive study
- Post-exposure prophylaxis
- Post-neonatal mortality rate
- Post-term birth
- Post-test odds
- Post-test probability
- Posterior distribution
- Posterior probability
- Postmarketing product surveillance
- Postnatal care
- Postpartum
- Power
- Practice guideline
- Practice-based research
- Pragmatic trial
- Pre-post design with comparison group – quasi-experimental
- Pre-post design without comparison group – naturalistic
- Pre-test odds
- Pre-test probability
- Pre-test/post-test design
- Pre-test
- Precautionary principle
- Precision
- Preclinical drug evaluation
- Preclinical research
- Predictive factor
- Predictive value
- Pregnancy complications
- Pregnancy in adolescence
- Pregnancy outcome
- Pregnancy rate
- Pregnancy trimesters
- Pregnancy wastage
- Pregnancy-related death
- Pregnancy
- Prejudice
- Premature labor
- Premature rupture of membranes
- Preparedness
- Preschool child
- Preterm birth
- Preterm premature rupture of membranes
- Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding through 120 days of age
- Prevalence of moderate and severe nutritional deficiency in children less than 5 years
- Prevalence of use of contraceptive methods in women
- Prevalence rate
- Prevalence study
- Prevalence
- Prevention trials
- Prevention
- Preventive health services
- Preventive intervention
- Preventive medicine
- Prima facie
- Primary care practice-based research
- Primary care research
- Primary care setting
- Primary care
- Primary endpoint
- Primary infertility
- Primary nursing care
- Primary outcome
- Primary prevention
- Primary research
- Primary sources
- Primary study
- Primigravida
- Primordial prevention
- Principal component analysis
- Principles
- Principlism
- Prior probability
- Priority diseases
- Priority setting/rationing
- Privacy
- Private practice
- Probabilistic cause
- Probability distribution
- Probability sampling
- Probability theory
- Probability
- Process assessment (health care)
- Process evaluation
- Process indicator
- Processes of health care
- Product line management
- Professional ethics guidelines
- Professional ethics
- Professional misconduct
- Professional nurses ratio
- Prognosis
- Prognostic factors
- Prognostic study
- Prognostic variable
- Program development
- Program evaluation
- Program
- Project
- Prolonged pregnancy
- Propensity score
- Proportion of deliveries attended by trained personnel
- Proportion of population below the international poverty line
- Proportion of population below the national poverty line
- Proportion of pregnant women attended by trained personnel during pregnancy
- Proportion of urban population
- Proportion
- Proportional hazards model
- Proportionate mortality
- Proposal
- Prospective cohort study
- Prospective study
- Prospective surveillance
- Prospective
- Protocol amendment
- Protocol deviation
- Protocol
- Provider adherence
- Psychosocial intervention
- Puberty
- Public health administration
- Public health care sector
- Public health emergency
- Public health informatics
- Public health intervention
- Public health law
- Public health nursing
- Public health practice
- Public health surveillance
- Public health
- Public policy
- Publication bias
- Published erratum
- Purposeful sampling
- Q statistic
- Qualitative meta-analysis
- Qualitative methods
- Qualitative research
- Quality assurance
- Quality control
- Quality improvement
- Quality of a study
- Quality of health care
- Quality of life trials
- Quality of life
- Quality of medical care
- Quality score
- Quality standards
- Quality-adjusted life expectancy
- Quality-adjusted life-year (QALY)
- Quality
- Quantitative methods
- Quantitative research
- Quasi randomized
- Quasi-random allocation
- Questionnaire
- ROC curve
- Race-specific mortality rate
- Random allocation
- Random assignment
- Random error
- Random permuted blocks
- Random sample
- Random-effects model
- Random
- Randomization
- Randomized clinical trial
- Randomized controlled trial
- Range
- Rate ratio
- Rate
- Ratio
- Reasoning
- Recall bias
- Recall period
- Records
- Recruitment status
- Recruitment
- Recurrent miscarriage
- Recursive partitioning analysis
- Reference population
- Reference standard
- Reference values
- Reference
- Referral and consultation
- Referral bias
- Referred care
- Reflexivity
- Regimen
- Regional health planning
- Registries
- Regression analysis
- Regression coefficient
- Regression equation
- Regression line
- Regression to the mean
- Regulatory authorities
- Relative benefit increase
- Relative diagnostic odds ratio
- Relative difference
- Relative poverty
- Relative risk increase
- Relative risk reduction
- Relative risk
- Relative survival rate
- Relative value scales
- Relevance
- Reliability
- Reminder systems
- Replicate
- Reporting bias
- Representative sample
- Representativeness
- Reproducibility of results
- Reproducibility
- Reproduction
- Reproductive behavior
- Reproductive control agents
- Reproductive health services
- Reproductive health
- Reproductive history
- Reproductive medicine
- Reproductive rights
- Research design
- Research ethics
- Research peer review
- Research personnel
- Research protocol
- Research question
- Research subjects
- Research support
- Research translation
- Research
- Researcher-subject relations
- Residual confounding
- Resource allocation
- Resource costs
- Respect for human dignity
- Respect for persons
- Restricted randomization
- Retracted publication
- Retraction of publication
- Retrospective cohort study
- Retrospective study
- Retrospective survey
- Retrospective
- Review of reviews
- Review process
- Review
- Rights
- Risk adjustment
- Risk assessment
- Risk difference
- Risk factor
- Risk management
- Risk ratio
- Risk-benefit ratio
- Risk
- Rosenthal effect
- Run-in period
- Rural health services
- Rural health
- Rural population
- Safe sex
- Safety and tolerability
- Safety management
- Safety monitoring
- Safety of an intervention
- Safety
- Sample size
- Sample
- Sampling bias
- Sampling design
- Sampling error
- Sampling frame
- Sampling studies
- Scarcity
- Scatter diagram
- Scenario
- Scientific misconduct
- Screening trials
- Screening
- Search bias
- Seasonality
- Second trimester pregnancy
- Secondary attack rate
- Secondary care
- Secondary data
- Secondary infecundity
- Secondary infertility
- Secondary outcome
- Secondary prevention
- Secondary research
- Secondary sources
- Secondary study
- Secular trends
- Selection bias
- Selective prevention
- Selective screening
- Self-efficacy
- Self-reported infecundity
- Sensitivity analysis
- Sensitivity and specificity
- Sensitivity in surveillance
- Sensitivity of case definition
- Sensitivity of detection of cases
- Sensitivity of the detection of outbreaks
- Sensitivity
- Sentinel effect
- Sentinel surveillance
- Sequential sample
- Sequential trial
- Serious adverse event
- Seroepidemiologic studies
- Setting of the intervention
- Severity of illness index
- Sex characteristics
- Sex counseling
- Sex distribution
- Sex education
- Sex factors
- Sex ratio
- Sex-specific mortality rate
- Sex
- Sexology
- Sexual abstinence
- Sexual abuse
- Sexual behavior
- Sexual development
- Sexual health
- Sexual maturation
- Sexual partners
- Sexual rights
- Sexuality
- Sexually transmitted disease
- Sham therapy
- Side effect
- Significant
- Simple random sample
- Simple random sampling
- Simple randomization
- Simple regression
- Single blind study
- Single person
- Situation analysis
- Skewed distribution
- Skilled birth attendant
- Small for gestational age
- Small-area analysis
- SnNout
- Snowball sampling
- Social care
- Social class
- Social epidemiology
- Social marketing
- Social medicine
- Social security
- Social work
- Socioeconomic factors
- Socioeconomic gradient in health
- Source data
- Source documents
- SpPin
- Space-time clustering
- Spatial sampling
- Specific fertility rate in women 15-19 years of age
- Specific objectives
- Specific target group
- Specification
- Specificity in surveillance
- Specificity
- Spectrum bias
- Sponsor-investigator
- Sponsor
- Sporadic
- Spot map
- Stakeholder
- Standard deviation
- Standard error
- Standard gamble
- Standard operating procedures
- Standard treatment
- Standardized instruments
- Standardized mean difference
- Standardized mortality ratio/rate
- Standardized rate
- Standards of care
- State of the art
- Statistical analysis plan
- Statistical factor analysis
- Statistical inference
- Statistical significance test
- Statistical significance
- Statistically significant
- Statistics
- Stillbirth
- Stochastic process
- Stopped early trials
- Stopping rule
- Stratification
- Stratified random sampling
- Stratified randomization
- Stratified sampling
- Strength of evidence
- Strength of inference
- Strength of the association
- Structure of health systems or health facilities
- Structured abstracts
- Structured interview
- Study endpoint
- Study type
- Study validity
- Subgroup analysis
- Subinvestigator
- Subject identification code
- Subjective measures
- Subjects
- Suburban population
- Sufficient cause
- Summative evaluation
- Superiority trial
- Supervisor
- Supplier- induced demand
- Surrogate endpoint
- Surrogate variable
- Surveillance
- Survey
- Survival analysis
- Survival bias
- Survival curve
- Survival rate
- Survival
- Sustainability
- Sustainable health promotion actions
- Systematic error
- Systematic random sampling
- Systematic review
- Systematic sampling
- Target condition
- Target endpoints
- Target-negative
- Target-positive
- Technical efficiency
- Technical report
- Technology assessment
- Tele-epidemiology
- Telemedicine
- Temporal sequence
- Temporality
- Term birth
- Terminology
- Tertiary care
- Tertiary level research
- Tertiary prevention
- Test article
- Test of association
- Test threshold
- Textbook
- The 10/90 gap
- Theoretical saturation
- Therapeutic equivalency
- Therapeutic human experimentation
- Third trimester pregnancy
- Third-party consent
- Threshold NNT
- Time to event
- Time trade-off
- Time-series design
- Timeliness of reporting
- Tolerability of an intervention
- Total cost
- Total expenditure on health
- Total fertility rate
- Toxicity
- Transcript
- Translational research
- Transmission
- Treatment IND
- Treatment effect
- Treatment emergent
- Treatment failure
- Treatment outcome
- Treatment refusal
- Treatment trials
- Treatment
- Trend
- Triage
- Trial of therapy
- Trial site
- Trial statistician
- Trialist
- Triangulation
- Trim-and-fill method
- True negative
- True positive
- Twin study
- Two-tailed test
- Type I error
- Type II error
- Unblinded
- Unconfounded comparison
- Uncontrolled trial
- Under-five mortality, estimated
- Underlying cause of death
- Underregistered deaths
- Unexpected adverse drug reaction
- Unintended pregnancy
- Unit of allocation
- Unit of analysis error
- Univariate analysis
- Universal health care
- Universal precautions
- Universal prevention
- Universal target group
- Unlinked information
- Unmet need for family planning
- Unplanned analyses
- Unplanned pregnancy
- Unpublished works
- Unsafe abortion
- Unsafe sex
- Unwanted pregnancy
- Up-front costs
- Urban population
- Users of reviews
- Utilitarianism
- Utility measures
- Utility
- Utilization focused evaluation
- Utilization/use of health services
- Utilization
- Validated instrument
- Validation studies
- Validation
- Validity
- Values
- Variability
- Variable cost
- Variable
- Variance
- Verification bias
- Vertical equity
- Very low birth weight
- Very preterm birth
- Virtues
- Virulence factors
- Virulence
- Vital statistics
- Vulnerable populations
- Waiting list
- Waiting time
- Washout period/phase
- Weighted kappa
- Weighted least squares regression
- Weighted mean difference
- Weighted mean
- Weighted sample
- Well-being of the trial subjects
- Wellness
- Women's health services
- Women's rights
- Years of life lost
- Years of potential life lost
- Zero population growth
- Zero reporting
- Zygote
Glossaries, dictionaries, and lists in WikiMD[edit source]
Popular Glossaries | Dictionaries | Lists & Glossaries | Topics |
---|---|---|---|
Additional Resources:[edit source]
Search WikiMD
Ad.Tired of being Overweight? Try W8MD's physician weight loss program.
Semaglutide (Ozempic / Wegovy and Tirzepatide (Mounjaro / Zepbound) available.
Advertise on WikiMD
WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia |
Let Food Be Thy Medicine Medicine Thy Food - Hippocrates |
Translate this page: - East Asian
中文,
日本,
한국어,
South Asian
हिन्दी,
தமிழ்,
తెలుగు,
Urdu,
ಕನ್ನಡ,
Southeast Asian
Indonesian,
Vietnamese,
Thai,
မြန်မာဘာသာ,
বাংলা
European
español,
Deutsch,
français,
Greek,
português do Brasil,
polski,
română,
русский,
Nederlands,
norsk,
svenska,
suomi,
Italian
Middle Eastern & African
عربى,
Turkish,
Persian,
Hebrew,
Afrikaans,
isiZulu,
Kiswahili,
Other
Bulgarian,
Hungarian,
Czech,
Swedish,
മലയാളം,
मराठी,
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ,
ગુજરાતી,
Portuguese,
Ukrainian
WikiMD is not a substitute for professional medical advice. See full disclaimer.
Credits:Most images are courtesy of Wikimedia commons, and templates Wikipedia, licensed under CC BY SA or similar.
Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD