Neonatal mortality

Neonatal Mortality refers to the death of a newborn within the first 28 days of life, also known as the neonatal period. This is a critical period for the newborn, as many vital systems such as the immune system, respiratory system, and digestive system are still developing.

Neonatal mortality is a significant public health issue worldwide, with the World Health Organization (WHO) estimating that nearly 2.5 million newborns died in the first month of life in 2019. This accounts for approximately 47% of all under-five deaths.

Causes

The main causes of neonatal mortality include preterm birth, infections, and birth asphyxia.

• Preterm birth: Babies born before 37 weeks of gestation are considered preterm and are at a higher risk of neonatal mortality due to underdeveloped organs and systems.

• Infections: Newborns have an immature immune system, making them susceptible to infections such as sepsis, pneumonia, and meningitis.

• Birth asphyxia: This refers to a lack of oxygen to the baby before, during, or just after birth. It can lead to long-term damage to organs and is a significant cause of neonatal death.

Prevention

Prevention strategies for neonatal mortality include antenatal care, safe childbirth practices, and postnatal care.

• Antenatal care: Regular check-ups during pregnancy can help identify and manage potential risks to the baby.

• Safe childbirth practices: Skilled birth attendance and emergency obstetric care can prevent complications during labor and delivery.

• Postnatal care: Immediate care after birth, including breastfeeding, thermal care, and immunization, can significantly reduce the risk of neonatal death.

See Also

• Infant mortality
• Maternal mortality
• Child mortality
• Public health

Neonatal mortality