Funnel plot

An example funnel plot showing no publication bias. Each dot represents a study (e.g. measuring the effect of a certain drug); the y-axis represents study precision (e.g. standard error or number of experimental subjects) and the x-axis shows the study's result (e.g. the drug's measured average effect).

A graphical display of some measure of study precision plotted against effect size that can be used to investigate whether there is a link between study size and treatment effect. One possible cause of an observed association is reporting bias.

Publication bias

A graphical method to display possible publication bias. It shows the relation between the effect size of study and the size of the same study, which can be measured in different ways (standard error of the effect size, its inverse, sample size, or the number of effects observed in a study).

Funnel shape

If there is no publication bias, a typical symmetric funnel shape can be observed.

Funnel plot Resources
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