Virulence

Virilization

Virilization is a medical term describing the development of male physical and physiological characteristics in an individual, usually a woman, who typically shouldn't exhibit them. This condition is most commonly the result of an excess of male sex hormones, particularly testosterone.

Diagram illustrating the common signs of virilization.

Causes of Virilization

The onset of virilization might be due to a variety of factors, though they predominantly stem from conditions or situations leading to an overproduction or exposure to androgens:

• Ovarian Tumors: Some tumors can produce androgens, leading to virilization.
• Adrenal Tumors: Tumors of the adrenal gland can also produce excessive androgens.
• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): This common condition can lead to elevated androgen levels.
• Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: A genetic disorder resulting in altered hormone production.
• Exogenous Androgens: The intake of anabolic steroids or medications containing male hormones.

Signs and Symptoms

While the specific manifestations can vary, common signs of virilization include:

• Deepening of the voice.
• Increased body and facial hair (hirsutism).
• Enlarged clitoris.
• Male-pattern baldness or hair thinning.
• Increased muscle mass.
• Changes in body shape towards a more male-like physique.
• Menstrual irregularities or cessation.

Diagnosis

If virilization is suspected, a thorough evaluation is necessary:

• Medical History: To understand the onset and progression of symptoms.
• Physical Examination: To assess the extent of masculinization.
• Laboratory Tests: Blood tests to measure hormone levels.
• Imaging Studies: Ultrasound, CT, or MRI to identify tumors or cysts in the ovaries or adrenal glands.

Treatment

The approach to treating virilization largely depends on its cause:

• Surgical removal of tumors producing excessive androgens.
• Medications to suppress androgen production or block their effects.
• Hormone therapy, especially in congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

Treatment can reverse some symptoms, but others, like voice deepening, might be permanent.

See Also

• Testosterone
• Androgen
• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
• Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

References

Virulence Resources
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