Contraception

Contraception, also known as birth control, is a method or device used to prevent pregnancy. Contraception has been used since ancient times; however, effective and safe methods of contraception only became available in the 20th century. Some people, particularly those with certain religious beliefs, object to contraception on moral or philosophical grounds.

Types of Contraception

There are various types of contraception, including hormonal contraception such as "the pill", intrauterine devices (IUDs), barrier methods such as condoms, emergency contraception, permanent contraception such as vasectomy and tubal ligation, and fertility awareness methods.

Hormonal Contraception

Hormonal contraception refers to birth control methods that act on the endocrine system. The main types of hormonal contraception are oral contraceptives (the pill), the contraceptive patch, contraceptive injections, and contraceptive implants.

Barrier Methods

Barrier methods of contraception work by preventing sperm from reaching the egg. Barrier methods include male and female condoms, diaphragms, and contraceptive sponges.

Emergency Contraception

Emergency contraception can prevent pregnancy after unprotected sex or contraceptive failure. Emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) are sometimes referred to as "morning after" pills.

Permanent Contraception

Permanent contraception, also known as sterilization, includes vasectomy for men and tubal ligation for women. These methods are intended for people who are sure they do not want to have children in the future.

Fertility Awareness Methods

Fertility awareness methods involve tracking a woman's menstrual cycle to determine the days of the month she is likely to be fertile.

Effectiveness

The effectiveness of contraception varies widely, from over 99% for permanent and some hormonal methods to about 75% for some barrier methods.

Health Impact

Contraception can have a range of health impacts, including preventing pregnancy-related health risks in women, reducing the spread of sexually transmitted infections, and improving quality of life.

Societal Impact

Contraception has had a significant impact on society, including enabling women to have greater control over their reproductive health and increasing economic stability for families.

See Also

• Family planning
• Reproductive health
• Sex education
• Birth control
• Contraception
• Dictionary of birth control
• Reproductive health