Folliculitis decalvans

Folliculitis Decalvans is a rare, chronic condition of the scalp characterized by inflammation and scarring that leads to permanent hair loss. It falls under the category of neutrophilic cicatricial alopecias, which are disorders affecting the hair follicles, leading to scarring and irreversible hair loss. The exact cause of Folliculitis Decalvans is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic predisposition, immune system dysfunction, and possibly bacterial infection.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of Folliculitis Decalvans is the development of pustules around hair follicles that lead to hair loss. These pustules can be painful and may ooze, leading to crusting. Over time, the affected areas can develop scarring and permanent bald patches. Other symptoms may include itching and a burning sensation on the scalp.

Causes

While the exact cause of Folliculitis Decalvans remains unknown, several factors are believed to contribute to its development:

• Genetic predisposition: There may be a genetic component that makes certain individuals more susceptible to developing the condition.
• Immune system dysfunction: Abnormalities in the immune system may lead to inflammation around the hair follicles.
• Bacterial infection: The presence of certain bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, is often associated with the condition, though it is not considered the sole cause.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Folliculitis Decalvans typically involves a combination of clinical examination, history taking, and laboratory tests. A dermatologist may perform a scalp biopsy to examine the affected tissue under a microscope, which can help confirm the diagnosis. Other tests may include bacterial cultures to identify any infectious agents and blood tests to rule out other conditions.

Treatment

Treatment of Folliculitis Decalvans aims to reduce inflammation, prevent further hair loss, and manage any associated infections. Options may include:

• Antibiotics: Long-term antibiotic therapy can help control bacterial infection and reduce inflammation.
• Corticosteroids: Topical or intralesional corticosteroids can help reduce inflammation.
• Immunosuppressants: Medications that modulate the immune system, such as cyclosporine, may be used in severe cases.
• Laser therapy: Laser treatment can help reduce inflammation and promote healing.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with Folliculitis Decalvans varies. While treatment can help manage symptoms and prevent further hair loss, the condition is chronic and can be difficult to treat. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial to improving outcomes.

Prevention

There are no specific measures to prevent Folliculitis Decalvans due to its unclear etiology. However, maintaining good scalp hygiene and seeking early treatment for scalp infections may help reduce the risk of developing the condition.