Miliaria

Definition

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Miliaria is a common skin condition characterized by small vesicular, papular, or pustular rashes, usually not exceeding one millimeter in size. Often referred to as "heat rash," "prickly heat," or "sweat rash," miliaria is primarily associated with heat, fever, or the occlusion of sweat glands.

Overview

Miliaria occurs when sweat is trapped beneath the skin, leading to irritation and inflammation. This can cause blockage of the sweat ducts, subsequently leading to the formation of itchy rashes.

Causes

The primary causes of miliaria include:

• Heat: Prolonged exposure to high temperatures can cause excessive sweating, leading to blocked sweat ducts.
• Fever: Elevated body temperatures can trigger miliaria.
• Occlusion: Anything that obstructs the free flow of sweat on the skin surface, such as tight clothing or certain creams and ointments, can induce the condition.

Types

Miliaria can be classified based on the depth of the blocked sweat duct:

• Miliaria crystallina: Affects the sweat ducts in the topmost layer of the skin. It produces clear, fluid-filled blisters and bumps.
• Miliaria rubra: Commonly known as "prickly heat," it affects the deeper layers of the epidermis. It results in red bumps and can be accompanied by inflammation and itching.

Symptoms

• Small vesicular, papular, or pustular rashes
• Itching or "prickly" sensations
• Redness of the affected area

Prevention and Treatment

• Avoid prolonged exposure to heat.
• Wear loose-fitting clothing to allow skin to breathe.
• Showering with cool water and using gentle, unscented soaps.
• Applying over-the-counter creams with calamine or other anti-itch ingredients.
• Keeping the affected area dry and clean.

Summary

A small (one mm or less) vesicular, papular or pustular monomorphous rash, which is associated with heat, fever or occlusion of sweat glands.

See Also

• Dermatology
• Heat exhaustion
• Sweat gland

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